E4B L12 Unit 14 Have you ever?                  Jess Lin      P.1

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L12 Unit 14 Have You Ever 國家，經驗

現在完成式與過去簡單式

A. Flags

A: Which country’s flag is this?

B: I think it’s Thailand’s flag.

A: Have you ever been to Thailand?

B: Yes, I’ve been to Thailand.

No, I haven’t been to Thailand. / No, I’ve never been to Thailand.

for yes   A: How do you like Thailand?

B: It’s a shopping heaven and the water activities are great!

for no    A: Would you like to visit Thailand someday?

B: Yes, I’d like to visit Thailand. It’s an interesting country.

No, I wouldn’t like to visit Thailand. It’s too hot for me.

E. Continents and Countries

North America Canada the U.S Mexico	Europe the U.K. France Germany Spain Italy	Asia Taiwan, Malaysia China, India Japan, Korea Thailand, Singapore the Philippines
South America Brazil Argentina Chile Peru Colombia	Africa South Africa Egypt Kenya Ethiopia	Australia

A: Which countries have you been to?

B: I’ve been to Japan, France, and Canada. /  I’ve never been abroad.

A: When did you go to Japan?

B: I went to Japan three years ago.

A: Which countries would you like to visit? Why?

B: I would like to visit Mexico and Brazil.

Because I’m interested in their cultures.

E4B L12 Unit 14 Have you ever?                  Jess Lin      P.2

B. 現在簡單式、過去簡單式、現在完成式

比較這三個句子    I go to Japan on business every month.

I went to Japan last month.

I have been to Japan twice.

一、現在簡單式主要用來表達事實跟習慣。所以第一句”我每個月去日本出差”是一個習慣，要用簡單式，句型是 S + V1（動詞原型）

二、過去簡單式表示過去某個特定時間發生的事或動作，所以第二句”我上個月去日本”是過去發生的單一事件，用過去式，句型是 S + V2 (動詞過去式)

三、現在完成式可用來表達經驗，表示從過去到現在曾經(或未曾)做過某件事，強調的經驗，而非動作發生時間。句型為 S + have + V3 (動詞過去分詞)

C. 現在完成式與過去簡單式的比較

1. 用現在完成式來表達生活中的經驗。 Have you ever been to Japan?

2. 用過去簡單式來說明某件事發生確切時間。I went to Japan last year.

問經驗的時候會先用現在完成式來問，回答也用現在完成式。但是接下來的問題會用過去式來問，以得到其他更詳盡的資料，而回答時也用過去式。

Have you ever been to France?          Yes, I’ve been to France.

When did you go there?                         I went there in 2005.

Who did you go there with?                I went there with my husband.

How long did you stay there for?           I stayed there for two weeks.

D.  already, yet, and just

現在完成式常與already跟yet這兩個副詞連用。

already用於肯定句，放在have跟過去分詞之間，也可放句尾，表事件已經發生。yet用於否定句，放在句尾，或放在have not跟過去分詞之間，表事件尚未發生。yet用於問句，一般放句尾，表示想知道是否事件發生了。

just 用在過去式，表示剛做過某件事。

Have you eaten lunch yet?

Yes, I’ve already eaten lunch.  I just ate lunch before I came here.

No, I haven’t eaten lunch yet.

E. for, since

現在完成式可表達一件在過去開始一直持續到現在的事。常與since與for連用。

I have taught English for ten years.

Julie has lived in New York since 1995. (since she was five.)

for + a period of time一段時間 (five hours, ten days, a week, a long time)

since + a time spot一個時間點(9.00, this morning, last month, five days ago)

E4B American Headway 1 L12 Unit 14 Have you ever?  Jess Lin     P.3

現在完成式  Present Perfect

一、未來式的使用時機

1. 英文用現在完成式用來表達過去曾經發生（或未發生）在不確定時間的事件。重要的是經驗或該事件與現在的關係，時間並不重要。多與ever, never, already, yet, still, just 等副詞連用。

I have moved to a new apartment.

She has never seen snow.

1. 現在完成式也用來表達過去重複的活動，實際發生的時間並不重要。

常與次數(times), since, so far…等副詞連用。

I have met many nice people since I came to Taiwan.

He has been to Japan three times.

1. 現在完成式也用來表達一件在過去開始一直持續到現在的事件。

常與since與for連用。

I have taught English for ten years.

Jack has lived in New York since he was five.

二、現在完成式的句型為主詞＋have/has

肯定句句型為S ＋ have/has + V3 (V3指的是動詞的第三態，過去分詞)

肯定句                   S  ＋   have/has + V3

I        have     seen the movie.

My mother      has      been to Canada.

否定與問句需要有have或has這兩個助動詞來幫忙。否定句在助動詞後面加not

否定句                  S   ＋   have/has not    +   V3

They       have not        seen the movie.

He         has not         been to Canada.

Yes/No 問句把助動詞have/has放在主詞前面造問句

Have/Has  ＋   S    ＋  V

Have        you       seen the movie?

Has         Tom       been to Canada?

WH問句則將疑問詞放在最前面再依序放助動詞、主詞、動詞

WH       have/has    ＋   S    ＋   V3

Where      have          you         been?

How long    has          May         studied English?

三、現在簡單式的副詞如：never, ever, already, yet, so far, lately, this week, recently, these days, for, since…等。

E4B American Headway 1 L12 Unit 14 Have you ever?  Jess Lin     P.4

常見不規則動詞

原型V1	過去式V2	過去分詞V3	現在分詞V-ing
1.be 2.buy 3.come 4.do 5.drink 6.drive 7.eat 8.find 9.fly 10.forget 11.get 12.give 13.go 14.have 15.know 16.leave 17.lose 18.make 19.meet 20.read 21.ride 22.run 23.see 24.sell 25.sing 26.sit 27.sleep 28.speak 29.spend 30.swim 31.take 32.think 33.wear 34.win 35.write	was/were bought came did drank drove ate found flew forgot got gave went had knew left lost made met read rode ran saw sold sang sat slept spoke spent swam took thought wore won wrote	been bought come done drunk driven eaten found flown forgotten gotten given gone had known left lost made met read ridden run seen sold sung sat slept spoken spent swum taken thought worn won written	being buying coming doing drinking driving eating finding flying forgetting getting giving going having knowing leaving losing making meeting reading riding running seeing selling singing sitting sleeping speaking spending swimming taking thinking wearing winning writing

E4B L12 Unit 14 Have you ever?                  Jess Lin      P.5

E. Present Perfect Questions

1. Have you eaten dinner/lunch/breakfast? What did you eat?

Yes, I have eaten dinner. I had beef noodles.

1. Have you ever lost anything important? What did you lose?

Yes, I’ve lost something important. I’ve lost my wallet.

1. Have you ever bought your mother a gift? What did you buy?

Yes, I’ve bought my mother a gift. I bought her a necklace.

1. Have you ever won a lottery? How much did you win?

Yes, I have. I won around five hundred dollars.

1. Have you ever had a pet? What did you have?  Yes, I have had a pet. I had two dogs and a fish when I was in elementary school.
2. Have you ever rented a car or a bike? Where did you rent it?

Yes, I’ve rented a car many times. I rented it in Tamsui.

1. Have you taken a trip to Green Island? When did you go there?

Yes, I’ve taken a trip to Green Island. I went there in 1998.

1. Have you ever eaten Thai food? How did you like it?

Yes, I’ve eaten Thai food. I love it.

1. Have you ever seen a Japanese movie? How did you like it?

Yes, I’ve seen many Japanese movies. I like some of them, not all.

1. Have you ever made someone cry? What happened? Yes, I’ve made someone cry. My ex-boyfriend cried when I told him I wanted to break up with him.
2. Have you ever done a stranger a favor? What did you do?

Yes, I’ve done a stranger a favor. I told him the directions.

1. Have you ever had red wine? How did you like it? Yes, I’ve had red wine, white wine, and sparkling wine. I don’t like red wine. I like sparkling wine better.
2. Have you bought anything at 7-11 today? What did you buy?

Yes, I’ve bought something at 7-11 today. I bought a drink and a sandwich.

1. Have you seen a movie this month? What did you see?

No, I haven’t seen a movie this month. I have been very busy.

1. Have you ever been to a wedding? Whose wedding was it? Yes, I’ve been to many weddings. I went to my friends’, coworkers’, and relatives’ weddings.
2. How long have you had your current hair style?

I’ve had this hair style for more than one year.

1. How long have you lived in Taipei? I’ve lived in Taipei since I was born.
2. How long have you studied in this school? I’ve studied here for 6 months.
3. How long have you known your best friend? I’ve known her since college.

20. How have you felt this week? I’ve felt down because I don’t like rainy days.