I used to get up early. 跟 I’m used to getting up early. 這兩句有什麼差別嗎?差很大喔。很多人都弄不清楚的 used to + V1 跟 be used to + V-ing,常被問到的潔西乾脆又寫了一篇。假如這兩個片語把你弄的霧傻傻的話,可以看一下。
I used to get up early. 這句的意思是我過去經常早起。但是可能我現在早上都沒課,所以都不早起了。用來表示過去經常做的事現在不這麼做了,是過去簡單式,用來表示過去的習慣,過去的事實,但現在不是這樣了。中文說過去常…,過去曾經…,從前…等。這句的 used to 的 to 是不定詞,所以這個用法後面加的是動詞原型。
I’m used to getting up early. 這句的意思是我習慣了早起。這個句型用在可能一開始不熟,不習慣的事情,因為常做或者是時間久了的關係,慢慢熟悉,習慣了。 be動詞加上 used to 合起來的片語,可以用在不同時態,這裏的 to 是介系詞,介系詞後面一定要加名詞,所以面要加的是動詞原型加上 ing 的動名詞。也可以加名詞。
簡單來說是這樣,但是語言這種東西通常是很難說得懂解釋的清楚的,哈哈,所以最好的方式就是記住用法,不要光去背片語的中文意思,過去習慣於,現在習慣於,這樣其實很容易混淆,最好的方式就是多閱讀一些例子,真正理解後,自己多寫多練習,多看文章裡面怎麼用,熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect. 真的是一個討厭的事實,不過就是真的就是多練習,就會比較有概念囉,加油:)
一. used to + V1 曾經…,從前…,過去經常…,過去習慣於…
主詞 + used to + 動詞原型(潔西自己簡單寫做V1) ,用來表示過去規律發生的事或過去持續一段時間的事,但是現在不這麼做了。中文可以解釋成我從前都…,我過去都…。言下之意就有現在不這麼做了的意思。
比方說 I used to go to a pub ever weekend. 我從前每個週末都去酒吧。
這個句型是: 主詞+used to + 動詞原型
used 在這裡是 use 的過去式 used
to 在這裡是不定詞的 to ,所以後面要加動詞原型
used to 在這裡指的是過去經常性的動作或事實或習慣等,兩個字不可以拆開
這個句型是過去式,所以就是基本過去簡單式一般動詞的句型
1. 肯定句:
主詞 + used to + V1 (動詞原型)
I used to swim a lot, but now I don’t swim very often.
我從前常常游泳,但是現在我不常游泳。
We used to live in a small town, but now we live in Taipei.
我們過去住在一個小鎮,但是我們現在住台北。
He used to like fish, but he never eats it now.
他從前很喜歡魚,但他現在完全都不吃魚。
She used to smoke, but she gave it up.
她以前抽煙,但是她戒煙了。
You don’t come and see me like you used to.
你現在都不來看我了,不像你從前那樣。
There used to be an elementary school here, but they knocked it down.
這裏從前有一個小學,但是他們把它拆了。
I used to go to the gym three times a week.
我從前一個星期去三次健身房。
因為這裡是表示過去的習慣或經常做的是,但是現在不做了,所以常會有跟現在的比較。假如現在還這麼做的話就不用 used to +V1 這個用法,就會用現在簡單式表示。
I go to the gym three times a week.
我一個星期上三次健身房。
2. 否定句,過去不做某件事,除了用 never 的用法,也可以用助動詞 did 加上 not ,口語多用 didn’t 加上原型的 use 來表示否定。
主詞 + didn’t use to + V1 (動詞原型)
We didn’t use to have computers.
我們從前沒有電腦。
I didn’t use to like him.
我從前不喜歡他。
He didn’t use to smoke.
他從前不抽煙的。(暗示現在有抽菸)
I didn’t use to follow politics, but now I check headlines online every day.
我從前不關心政治,但是現在我每天都看線上頭條新聞。
英式英文會用 主詞 + used not to + V1 (動詞原型)
Buses used not to stop here.
公車從前不停這裡。
假如要說過去從來都不做某件事的話則可以用
主詞 + never used to + V1 (動詞原型)
I never used to play sports, but now I like to keep fit.
我過去從來不做運動,但是現在我喜歡健身。
I never used to worry about money, but I do now.
我過去從來都不擔心錢的問題,但是我現在會。
She never used to watch cartoons, but now she watches with her children every night.
她過去從來都不看卡通,但是她現在每天晚上都跟她孩子一起看。
另外非正式的用法時會用 主詞 + didn’t used to + V1 (動詞原型)
所以下面三個句子都可以,意思都一樣
I didn’t use to drink coffee, but now I always have coffee.
我從前不喝咖啡,但是現在我總是在喝咖啡。
I didn’t used to drink coffee, but now I always have coffee.
我從前不喝咖啡,但是現在我總是在喝咖啡。
I never used to drink coffee, but now I always have coffee.
我從前不喝咖啡,但是現在我總是在喝咖啡。
(Azar文法書指出didn’t use to 跟 didn’t used to 都可以,但比較常見的是never used to)
3. 疑問句:過去式一般動詞的疑問句把助動詞 did 放到主詞前面,加動詞原型 use to + V1 (動詞原型)
Did + 主詞 + use to + V1 (動詞原型) ?
Did Tom use to live in New York?
湯姆曾經住在紐約嗎?
Did you and your friends use to play at the playground as kids?
你跟你的朋友小時候都會在遊樂場玩嗎?
Did you use to go to church regularly?
你從前固定上教堂嗎?
Did this building use to be a hotel?
這棟建築物過去是間飯店嗎?
What video games did you use to play when you were a kid?
I didn’t use to play video games, but now I play League of Legends every day.
你小時候都玩什麼電動?
我從前不玩電動,但是我現在每天打英雄聯盟。
What music did you use to listen to when you were little?
I used to listen to rock music a lot, but now I prefer classical music.
你小時候聽什麼樣的音樂?
我從前常聽搖鼓樂,但是我現在比較喜歡古典樂。
二. be used to + V-ing / Noun 習慣於某件事,很熟悉,
主詞 + be動詞 + used to + V-ing (動詞原型加上ing 的動名詞) 或名詞的這個句型中文意思是某件事變得熟悉,不再陌生。可能到一個新地方,熟悉新的事物。或者做一些過去沒有做的事情,所以現在已經習慣了某事。
這個用法可以用在不同時態
1. 用在現在簡單式表示已經習慣於某件事
We’re used to getting up early. We do it every day.
我們已經習慣早起了。我們現在每天都早起。
I’m used to living alone.
我已經習慣一個人住了。
I have a hangover now. I drank too much last night. I’m not used to drinking so much.
我現在宿醉。我昨天晚上喝太多了。我不習慣喝那麼多。
He is used to the weather in Taiwan.
他已經習慣了台灣的天氣。
We’re used to tourists here – we get thousands every year.
我們這裏很習慣了觀光客 – 我們每年有數千的觀光客來。
2. 現在式否定在be動詞 am/is/are 後面加 not 表示現在還是不習慣於某件事
Nancy has a new job. She has to get up much earlier now than before. She finds this difficult because she isn’t used to getting up so early.
南希有個新工作。她現在必須要比從前早起的多。她覺得這很難因為她不習慣這個早起。
3. 用過去簡單式的否定在be動詞 was/were 後面加 not 表示過去不習慣於某件事
I wasn’t used to wearing contacts. It seemed very strange at first.
我(在過去)不習慣帶隱形眼鏡。剛開始感覺很怪。
He wasn’t used to the heat and he caught sunstroke.
他當時不習慣酷熱他中暑了。
三. get used to + Ving/N 用來表示某件事情變得越來越熟悉,跟 be used to + V-ing/N 的用法類似,表示已經習慣於,熟悉某事,對某事不再陌生。在不定詞或其他助動詞後面多會用 get used to + Ving/N 這個句型。
已經熟悉後就會用過去簡單式來表達已經熟悉某件事
It was difficult at first, but Mike soon got used to working at night.
剛開始很難,但是麥可很快地就習慣了在晚上工作。
可以搭配不同時態,在助動詞後面用動詞原型
After her husband died, the old woman had to get used to living on her own.
在她的老公過世後,那個老婦人必須習慣自己過生活。
Our new apartment is on a busy street. I expect we’ll get used to the noise, but at the moment it’s very disturbing.
我們的新公寓在繁忙的街上。我想我們會習慣這些噪音,但是目前這讓我們感到很困擾。
I can’t get used to getting up so early. I’m tired all the time.
我沒辦法這麼早起。我總是很累。
四. 綜合
其實這幾個片語真的很像,弄混淆也是人之常情,有些就是固定用法,多看前後文,多看類似的句子就會有概念。也就是先理解,動了後多練習,用的時候小心就不會錯了。下面是潔西的劍橋多年前的版本的 English Grammar in Use 裡面的例句跟練習,大家可以做做看,有看到迷糊的潔西不小心寫錯的話,請一定要跟潔西說,感恩
1. Jane is American. She came to Britain and at first she found driving on the left difficult. When she arrived in Britain, she wasn’t used to driving on the left, but she soon got used to it. Now she has no problems. She is used to driving on the left.
2. Juan is Spanish and came to live in England. In Spain he always had dinner late in the evening, but in England dinner was at 6 o’clock. This was very early for him. When Juan first came to England, he _________________ dinner so early, but after some time he ________________ it. Now he finds it quite normal. He ___________________ at six o’clock.
3. Julia is a nurse. A year ago she started working nights. At first she found it hard. At first Julia didn’t like it. She ____________________ nights and it took her a few months to _________________ it. Now, after a year, she’s quite happy. She _________________ nights.
2. wasn’t used to having, got used to, is used to having dinner
3. wasn’t used to working, get used to, is used to working
還不夠練習的話這是前面寫過的舊的的練習。可以往下看,做更多的練習。
整理文章的參考來源跟例句與練習出自
English Grammar in Use – Cambridge
Oxford Practice Grammar – Oxford
Interchange – Cambridge
British Council Learn English網頁的 ‘used to + infinitive’ and ‘be/get used to’
下面這篇是最早寫的,大概剛好三年前寫的,哇,時間過得真快! Time flies! 然而有些問題或不正確的部分也修改過了。
used to 跟 be used to 的不同
這兩個片語的用法很多人常常會弄混淆,先看一下下面這段文字:
I used to stay up late until 2 or 3 a.m. However, I started a new job two months ago, and I have to get to work at 7 a.m. At first, I had a difficult time getting up early, but now I’m used to getting up early.
I used to stay up late until 2 or 3 a.m. However, I started a new job two months ago, and now I have to get to work at 7 a.m. At first, I had a difficult time getting up early, but now I’m used to getting up early.
S + used to + V1:表達過去的習慣,從前固定做某件事,現在不做了,後面接的是動詞原形。
I used to drive to work every day, but these days I usually go by bike.
我從前每天開車上班,但是最近我通常都騎腳踏車。(現在不開車了)
We used to live in a small village, but now we live in Taipei.
我們從前住在一個小村莊,但是我們現在住台北。(現在不住小村莊)
S + be used to + V-ing/N:表達現在習慣,某件事不是新事物,也不陌生,後面接的是現在分詞(動詞原形+ing)的動名詞或名詞
I’m used to the weather in Taipei.
我習慣台北的天氣了。(可能我在國外住很久,剛回來很不習慣,但現在習慣了)
I’m used to driving on the right because I have lived in Taiwan for a long time.
我很習慣開車開右邊,因為我住台灣很久了。
B. 表達現在已經習慣於be + used to 句型
由於經驗的關係,對某件事不再感到驚訝,奇怪或困難,所以已經習慣於某件事。
句型:主詞+be used to +現在分詞/名詞 (be動詞可能為不同時態)
1. 肯定句:S+ be used to + V-ing/N
I do the dishes every day, so I’m used to it.
我每天都洗盤子,所以我已經習慣了。
His new job is very busy and he is used to working late until 10 or 11 p.m.
他的新工作非常忙,他已經習慣於工作到十點,十一點。
2. 否定句:S + be + not + used to + V-ing/N
He isn’t used to driving on the left.
他不習慣開車開左邊。(現在還是不習慣)
He wasn’t used to driving on the left, but now he’s used to it.
他先前不習慣開左邊,但是他現在習慣了。
3. 疑問句: Be + S + used to + V-ing/N
Are you used to your new school?
你習慣於你的新學校了嗎?
C. 表達已經習慣於 get used to
get used to 跟 be used to 的用法類似,get是一般動詞, get used to 通常用來表達慢慢已經熟悉於一個習慣。已經習慣了就會用過去式 got used to + V-ing ,否定用 didn’t get used to + V-ing,這個用法常會放在其他助動詞後面,可以有不同時態。
He gets used to the weather.
他對天氣感到習慣了。(剛開始可能不適應)
I didn’t get used to wearing contact lenses when I first started to wear them.
我剛開始戴隱形眼鏡的時候不太習慣。
D. 現在簡單式用來表達現在的狀況或習慣
Andrew lives in London.
安德魯住在倫敦
Peter usually wears jeans.
彼得總是穿牛仔褲
Mike doesn’t smoke anymore.
麥可不再抽煙
E. 過去簡單式用來表達過去的狀況或習慣
Henry lived in France for many years.
亨利過去在法國住了很多年
When I was young, I ran three miles every day.
當我年輕的時候,我每天跑三英里
F. used to可以用來表達過去持續一段期間的狀況或習慣,過去曾經這麼做,但是用來強調現在已經沒有這個狀況,跟現在是不同的。
Jill used to live in Ireland. (Jill doesn’t live in Ireland now.)
吉兒曾經住在愛爾蘭 (吉兒現在不住在愛爾蘭)
Many people used to make their own bread. (Nowadays people usually buy bread from a shop)
很多人曾經自己做麵包(現代人通常到店裡買麵包)
My husband used to work at home. (My husband doesn’t work at home now.)
我丈夫曾經在家工作(我丈夫現在不在家工作)
G. 過去簡單式與used to的比較
When he was young, he ran three miles every day.
他年輕的時候,每天跑3英里。(現在可能每天跑3英里,也可能沒有跑)
When I was young, I used to run three miles every day. I don’t do that now.
我年輕的時候,每天跑3英里。我現在沒有這麼做了。
H. 表達過去習慣的used to 句型
表示過去經常性動作或習慣或狀態,現在已經沒有這樣的習慣或狀態。
句型:主詞+used to+動詞原形 (S + used to + V1)
1. 肯定句 S + used to + V1:過去曾經…
He used to play basketball five days a week before he hurt his leg.
他腳受傷前,他曾經一個星期打五天籃球。
I used to smoke a lot, but I quit a few years ago.
我從前抽煙很兇,但是我幾年前戒了。
2. 否定句 S + didn’t use to + V1 / S + didn’t used to + V1
I didn’t use to drink coffee at breakfast, but now I always have coffee in the morning. ( I didn’t used to drink coffee.)
I never used to drink coffee at breakfast, but now I always have coffee in the morning.
我從前不在早餐的時候喝咖啡,但是我現在總是在早上喝咖啡。
(Azar文法書指出didn’t use to 跟 didn’t used to 都可以,但比較常見的是never used to)
3. 疑問句 Did + S + use to + V1? / Did + S + used to + V1?
Did you use to live in Paris? (Did you used to live in Paris?)
你從前住在巴黎嗎?
Did you use to fight with your brother? (Did you used to fight?)
你從前常跟你的弟弟打架嗎?
I. 練習:用括號中提示的動詞來完成句子,動詞可能須要做適當變化
Jane is used to _____________ (drive) on the left.
He used to ________ (live) in New York, but now he lives in a small town.
Tom used to __________ (drink) a lot of coffee. Now he prefers tea.
I feel very full after that meal. I’m not used to _________ (eat) so much.
I wouldn’t like to share an office. I’m used to _________ (have) my own office.
I used to ________ (have) a car, but I sold it a few months ago.
When we were children, we used to ___________ (go) swimming every day.
There used to __________ (be) a cinema here but it was knocked down a few years ago.
I’m the boss here. I’m not used to ________ (be) told what to do.
10. 我從前一星期游泳三次,但我現在我慢跑。(不游泳了)
11. 他去年搬到台北。剛開始他一個人住覺得很寂寞,但是現在他已經習慣一個人住了。
1-9 例題出自 from English Grammar in Use Unit 60 P.121 – Cambridge
練習題答案
答案
1. driving 2. live 3. drink 4. eating 5. having 6. have 7. go 8. be 9. being
10. I used to swim three times a week, but I now go jogging.
11. He moved to Taipei last year. At the beginning he felt lonely to live on his own, but now he is used to living alone.
外國友人說那個 foreigner 用的很不好,把整個意義都弄壞了。他說的 loved it. But you guys really need to get over that world ‘foreigners’ at 1.54. Not so inviting. Kinda runs counter to the whole thing. 哎,那個翻譯腔,還有對外國人這個字的定義。唉。忙忙忙去!
在facebook上很多人都寫了RIP Steve Jobs。RIP,我也寫了。RIP 是rest in peace,安息的意思。然後很多人都放了各式各樣的新聞,紀念文。我也把我在今年一月放的賈伯斯的演講故事跟同學分享,順便說一下我什麼我覺得很傷感的原因。然後呢陸續在FB上看到大家的留言。然後呢到了晚上,我住香港的攝影師朋友寫了一段諷刺的po文,因為他今天都在忙著弄Steve Jobs的新聞,應該忙瘋了,然後覺得為什麼每個人突然間把他當神崇拜了吧?我在公車上看到很想吐他槽,因為這位同學本來就有點憤世忌俗,後來呢有人嗆他,恩,後來他就自己拉下那個post了,剛剛看已經不見了。然後呢有人放一些誇張的影片來諷刺大家看到這個消息的反應,覺得這整個fb都是有關他的事,非常的cheesy,俗氣,盲從的意思吧。然後還有人放說蘋果迷的表現好像是如喪考妣。我覺得說這些話的人真的有必要嗎?每個人都是不同的,對不同的人事物有不同的感受。我覺得一個值得大家懷思的人走了,大家有這樣的表現一點也不為過啊。俗有什麼關係?我還是要寫,雖然寫得很差,連名字都寫錯,因為太累了,後來才看到。
比方說我剛剛一點進去就看到chicks before dicks,chicks是女生,dicks,恩指的當然就是男生的小弟弟,就是要女生版的不要見色忘友的英文,那男生版呢?就在點進去看 bros before hoes。bros 當然就是brothers,hoes指的當然就是女生,其中裡面有個對話說
Alex: Let’s go smoke some weed! 我們去抽大麻吧!
John: Sorry man, I can’t. Monique doesn’t want me to do weed. 不好意思,我不行。Monique不讓我抽大麻。
Alex: Dude, you’re getting whipped! Bros before hoes! 你這傢伙,完全被女朋友控制了。不要重色輕友了。
John: Well played. Go get your lighter. 說的是,去拿你的打火機吧!
結果呢今天看到住在東京的法國朋友寄給我的信,說他用Google 翻譯看到我的狀態,說他不太懂。然後把譯文給我看,"Where there is a skin, coupled with delaying tactics, Oh, I would really like to do, but it no way, now just to survive. Just make a word about the twelve, exhausted me, and decided to miss the dead line, the emperor’s bed!"
我笑到肚子痛。每次看google翻譯都覺得真的是當笑話看。所以我回了信,還要自己翻譯一下。
I always laugh when I read something “google translated", especially when I play word games with Chinese. ha ha.
I meant “If I play dumb plus procrastinate, there’s nothing difficult in the world. Even though this is very not like me, I have to do this to survive. It’s 12 a.m. already and I haven’t got much done. I’m exhausted. I decided to miss the deadline. There’s nothing more important than sleeping."
I’m subbing a class in a junior high school and I have to write the test for next week’s examination but I’m too busy and too tired last night. Finally I got it done a few minutes ago! Yeah!
最後po一段我在書上看到很好的文字。“一個人該如何同時保持開放和封閉呢?又該如何放進好的有用的東西,而把會傷害你的東西排除在外呢?你該如何排除不好的事物,卻又不至於封閉你的生活呢?答案在于分辨的能力和優良的判斷力。分辨的意思是知道什麼是對你好的,什麼是對你不好的東西。優良的判斷力則意味知道何時該避開。有一個笑話是這樣說的:學生:尚師,生命的秘密是什麼?上師:優良的判斷力。學生:你是怎麼獲得優良的判斷力?上師:從經驗裡得到。學生:你是怎麼獲得經驗的呢?上師:從錯誤的判斷力裡得到。” 這是一本有關音樂的書,叫聆聽心靈樂音The Listening Book 作者是W.A.Mathieu,生活濳能出版。原本說的是如何開放與封閉耳朵。我覺得對於人生很多事的判斷都是這樣的,不是嗎?總之呢,我這個人別的不會,正面思考訓練得很好,很好地體驗人生的機會,看到了很多從前看不到的地方。現在呢要自己多多保重身體,好好分配時間。上個星期又頭痛了兩次,還吃了一顆英明格。好囉雖然是推薦文,但是也讓我發發牢騷,謝謝收看,呵呵。