剛好被問到有沒有被動的影片，沒有，下午剛好同學請假，有多的時間，其實還想睡的，不過還是做個影片，晚上再睡好了，星期六日的課還可以拖一下，之後再備。不過不知為何覺得講得有點口齒不清，因為原先有做好的講義，照著講義講，其實被動沒有很難，只是需要原本就對時態很清楚，時態沒記清楚的話，換成被動就更難懂了，可是時態非常清楚的話，改被動只要把動詞改成 be 動詞再加上過去分詞這樣代換而已，真的沒有很難。多多練習其實就會駕輕就熟了。

然後這部落格真的沒轍，格式怎麼樣都會跑掉，所以看影片會比較清楚。看完之後可以自己做一下潔西下面另外造的，影片沒有的。就是把魯夫塑造成貪吃鬼，恩，他本來就是，被一塊肉就可以釣走，哈哈。總之這個句子是主動：魯夫吃我的巧克力。被動：我的巧克力被魯夫吃了。用這個句子造出主動跟被動的現在簡單，現在進行，現在完成，過去簡單，過去進行，過去完成，未來簡單，未來完成式的句子。也可以找幾個類似的句子，把每個時態都練習過，多換幾個動詞，多練習，應該就會很熟悉了，其實時態真的就是加法加一加，把必要的元素都加進去就對了喔！

好累，前面是直撥的，直播到一半網路怪怪的，後面練習題就用影片錄。有問題可以再提出來。對了，一般而言被動只有這八個時態會用，另外四個時態很少在用被動，多半用主動的方式。

 

 

現在簡單式：魯夫每天吃我的巧克力。我的巧克力每天都被魯夫吃掉。

Luffy eats my chocolate every day.

My chocolate is eaten by Luffy every day.

 

現在進行式：魯夫正在吃我的巧克力。我的巧克力正都被魯夫吃掉。

Luffy is eating my chocolate.

My chocolate is being eaten by Luffy.

 

現在完成式：魯夫吃了我的巧克力。我的巧克力都被魯夫吃掉了。

Luffy has eaten my chocolate.

My chocolate has been eaten by Luffy.

 

 

過去簡單式：魯夫昨天吃我的巧克力。我的巧克力昨天都被魯夫吃掉。

Luffy ate my chocolate yesterday.

My chocolate was eaten by Luffy yesterday.

 

過去進行式：魯夫當時吃我的巧克力。我的巧克力那時候都被魯夫吃掉了。

Luffy was eating my chocolate at that time.

My chocolate was being eaten by Luffy at that time.

 

過去完成式：我到家時魯夫那時候已經吃掉我的巧克力。我到家時我的巧克力那時候已經都被魯夫吃掉。

Luffy had eaten my chocolate when I arrived home.

My chocolate had been eaten by Luffy when I arrived home.

 

未來簡單式：魯夫將會吃掉我的巧克力。我的巧克力將會都被魯夫吃掉。

Luffy will eat my chocolate. Luffy is going to eat my chocolate.

My chocolate will be eaten by Luffy. My chocolate is going to be eaten by Luffy.

 

未來完成式：魯夫到時候會已經吃掉我的巧克力。我的巧克力到時會會都已經被魯夫吃掉。

Luffy will have eaten my chocolate.

My chocolate will have been eaten by Luffy.

 

 

 

 

S + V + O 

fO + be + V3 + by + fS

 

A 主動與被動The Active and the Passive

英文的句子焦點多放在主詞上

1 主動句型：強調的是人，老鼠

Millions of people read the magazine. (The focus is on the people.)

S                   V       O

The mouse ate the cheese.   mice

S       V.       O

2 被動句型：強調的是雜誌，起士

The magazine is read by millions of people. (The focus is on the

magazine.)

O         be   V3 by.     S

They cheese was eaten by the mouse.

O         be. V3.   by.   S

 

非必要時，英語多用主動句型來表達，主動句型用的比被動多得多

 

B 被動語態使用的時機

1 當做該行為動作的人未知或不重要時，使用被動語態。

The magazine was founded in 2008. (I don’t know who founded it.)

 

2 當從上下文中可以清楚地得知做該行為動作的人或事物。

The magazine was sold at newsstands. (We can assume that the newsstand owners and employees sell it. We don’t need to mention them.)

 

3 當想要避免提到做該行為動作的人時。

Some mistakes were made in that article. (I know who made the mistakes, but I don’t want to blame the person who made them.)

 

4 被動語態比較常用在書寫，口語也可以用，相對來說比較少。

Payment can be made at any post office.

Cars left here will be towed away.

 

5 被動語態也常用在新聞報導

A number of political prisoners have been released.

Talks will be held in London next week.

 

C 主動改被動

主動的句型：主詞＋動詞＋受詞   S + V + O

被動的句型：原受詞＋時態(be＋V3)＋by＋原主詞. fO + be + V3 + by +fS

 

改被動時，

1 把受詞跟主詞的位置互換，原受詞變成新的句子的主詞

2 動詞依時態不同，把主要動詞的部分改成be加上過去分詞V3

3 再加上by與上原主詞，變成新的受詞。

4 注意主詞跟受詞交換後，需依新的主詞對動詞作適當的變化。

Farmers grow corn.

Corn is grown by famers.

David helped me.

V.       O

I was helped by David.

fO be V3 by     fS

David helped them.

They were helped by David.

 

D 被動時態使用by＋做該行為動作的人或事物的時機

使用被動語態時常常會省略掉做行為動作的人事物，因為英文句子強調的是主詞，可以直接用主動時態，但是在某些狀況下用被動會把該人事物提出

1 當你要表達這是某人的創作

The article was written by Jessie Lin.

“Romeo and Juliet” was written by William Shakespeare.

“Both Sides Now” was sung and written by Joni Mitchell.

 

2 當做該動作的人事物是令人感到訝異的

Our windows are washed by a robot.

The cake was eaten by a mouse!

 

3 當你要介紹做動作的人事物的必要新資訊時

John Delgado is a famous sports writer. He has just been hired by National Sports to write a monthly column. (The name of John’s employer is necessary new information.

 

E 及物動詞與非及物動詞.   S + V.   Time flies.   S + V + O.   I love dogs.

英文的動詞可以分為及物動詞與非及物動詞，只有及物動詞的句型才可以改被動。不及物因為沒有受詞，所以不可以改被動。

1 及物動詞：動詞後面一定要接受詞，必須有接受這個動作的對象的受詞。

Andy bought those flowers.

Those flowers were bought by Andy.

Betty sold those clothes.

Those clothes were sold by Betty.

 

2 非及物動詞：在動詞後面不可以接受詞。動詞只可以單獨存在。

Cathy smiles all the time.

Something happened.

He laughed at me.

 

F 被動的句型

被動的要素是be + V3。被動一定會有be動詞跟動詞的第三態，過去分詞。依時態不同會有所改變。

1 肯定句：時態不變，把主要動詞按時態帶入be+V3

It is written in nineteen languages.

It has just been printed.

 

2 否定句：時態不變，找出改完被動後句子中的助動詞，後面加not。

These computers aren’t produced anymore.

Scotch whiskey isn’t made in England.

 

3 疑問句：時態不變，找出改完被動後句子中的助動詞，放到主詞前面。

When is breakfast served in this hotel?

Where was the car repaired?

 

 

G 主動與被動句型比較

主動 S + V + O

被動 S + be + V3 + by + O

1 現在簡單式

The mouse eats the cheese.

V1

   The cheese is eaten by the mouse.

be1 +V3

  

2 現在進行式

   The mouse is eating the cheese.

S       be. V-ing

   The cheese is being eaten by the mouse.

be1+V3

 

3 現在完成式

The mouse has eaten the cheese.

S     has + V3

The cheese has been eaten by the mouse.

be + V3

 

4 過去簡單式

The mouse ate the cheese.

V2

The cheese was eaten by the mouse.

be2 + V3

 

5 過去進行式

The mouse was eating the cheese.

S       be2 + V-ing

The cheese was being eaten by the mouse.

be  + V3

 

6 過去完成式

The mouse had eaten the cheese.

S       had. V3

The cheese had been eaten by the mouse.

be.+ V3

 

7 未來式

The mouse will eat the cheese.

S     will V1

The cheese will be eaten by the mouse.

be + V3

The mouse is going to eat the cheese.

S     be going to V1

The cheese is going to be eaten by the mouse.

be+ V3

 

8 未來完成

The mouse will have eaten the cheese.

S     will have. V3

The cheese will have been eaten by the mouse.

be. + V3

9 情態助動詞

Decisions shouldn’t be made too quickly.

be V3

It can’t be done.

Reports have to be filed.

 

練習題，下面有題目，答案，最下面是題目加答案，可以先自己做做看

 

被動語態練習題

You are telling a friend some news. Use the notes and complete the second sentences. Sometimes you need to use the active and sometimes the passive.

根據前後文跟提示的字完成句子，可能是主動或被動。

 題目：解答在後面

1. (Past Simple: Claude Jennings / win / the quiz competition)

Did you hear about the quiz competition? It ___________________.

2. (Past Simple: Mrs. Miles / do / a parachute jump / last week)

You know Mrs. Miles? She _______________________________.

3. (Present Perfect: a bull / attack / David)

Have you heard about David? He’s__________________________.

4. (Present Continuous: build / the house)

Trevor and Laura have bought a house. It’s still ________________.

5. (Present Simple: Andrew / like / Jessica)

Did I tell you about Andrew? He ___________________________.

6. (Present Perfect: throw away / your stamp collection)

Bad news about your stamp collection. It’s ___________________.

7. (Present Perfect: Martins / kidnap / my neighbors)

Did I mention my neighbors? They’ve _______________________.

8. (Past Simple: five people / see / the ghost)

Did you hear about the ghost? It ___________________________.

9. (Past Simple: Claire / go / to Florida / last month)

You remember Claire? She _______________________________.

10. (Present Perfect: send / our luggage / to Australia)

Bad news about our luggage. It’s __________________________.

 

 

解答

1. It was won by Claude Jennings.

2. She did a parachute jump last week.

3. He’s been attacked by a bull.

4. It’s still being built.

5. He likes Jessica.

6. It’s been thrown away.

7. They’ve been kidnaped by Martins.

8. It was seen by five people.

9. She went to Florida last month.

10. It’s been sent to Australia.

 

題目與解答一起看，影片中的

1. (Past Simple: Claude Jennings / win / the quiz competition)

Did you hear about the quiz competition? It ___________________.

It was won by Clade Jennings.

2. (Past Simple: Mrs. Miles / do / a parachute jump / last week)

You know Mrs. Miles? She _______________________________.

She did a parachute jump last week.

3. (Present Perfect: a bull / attack / David)

Have you heard about David? He’s__________________________.

He’s been attacked by a bull.

4. (Present Continuous: build / the house)

Trevor and Laura have bought a house. It’s still ________________.

It’s still being built.

5. (Present Simple: Andrew / like / Jessica)

Did I tell you about Andrew? He ___________________________.

He likes Jessica.

6. (Present Perfect: throw away / your stamp collection)

Bad news about your stamp collection. It’s ___________________.

It’s been thrown away.

7. (Present Perfect: Martins / kidnap / my neighbors)

Did I mention my neighbors? They’ve _______________________.

They’ve been kidnapped by Martins.

8. (Past Simple: five people / see / the ghost)

Did you hear about the ghost? It ___________________________.

It was seen by five people.

9. (Past Simple: Claire / go / to Florida / last month)

You remember Claire? She _______________________________.

She went to Florida last month.

10. (Present Perfect: send / our luggage / to Australia)

Bad news about our luggage. It’s __________________________.

It’s been sent to Australia.