大家有發現口語的時候有些字會被省略掉嗎？Must go. 指的是 I must go. 我必須要離開了。Won’t work. 指的是 It won’t work. 沒用的啦！所以是主詞都可以省略嗎？並不是這樣喔。

在非正式的口說中我們可以省略掉的是句首非重音的字。這是什麼意思呢？每個句子唸起來會有抑揚頓挫，所以有些字是念重一點的音，有些字是念輕一點的音。

這些非重音的自大部分是

1 articles 冠詞，如 a, an, the

2 possessives 所有格，如 his, her, my

3 personal pronouns 人稱代名詞，如 I, he, she ,it

4 auxiliary verbs 助動詞，如 will, do, have

5 be，如 am, is, are

6 demonstratives 指示代名詞，如 this, those

7 開頭的 There is

這是潔西從 Michael Swan and Catherine Walter 的 how English works 裡摘要出來的，恩，潔西自己雖然大概知道怎麼要，但是看了規則更清楚，跟大家分享一下。潔西就偷懶小改例子了，這本書不錯，講的是比較細一點，跟一般文法書不太一樣，好像有中文版。有點程度來看比較不那麼吃力。

下面的句子都是省略掉過得了，可以把句子還原嗎？這應該比較容易些。

1 Wife’s on vacation.

2 Couldn’t understand a word.

3 Seen Tom?

4 Careful what you say.

5 Nobody at home.

6 Don’t think so.

7 Train’s late again.

8 Know what I mean?

9 Got a pen?

10 Lost my cell phone.

 

先想一下再看答案吧！

1 Wife’s on vacation.

My wife’s on vacation. 所有格省略

2 Couldn’t understand a word.

I couldn’t understand a word. 人稱代名詞省略

3 Seen Tom?

Have you seen Tom? 助動詞，人稱代名詞省略

4 Careful what you say.

Be careful what you say. 

be 省略

5 Nobody at home.

There’s Nobody at home. There is 省略

6 Don’t think so.

I don’t think so. 人稱代名詞省略

7 Train’s late again.

The train’s late again. 冠詞省略

8 Know what I mean?

Do you know what I mean? 助動詞，人稱代名詞省略

9 Got a pen?

Have you got a pen? 助動詞，人稱代名詞省略

10 Lost my cell phone.

I’ve lost my cell phone. 人稱代名詞，助動詞省略。

 

這樣應該有點概念了吧？再來是省略掉你覺得可以省略的那些字，試試看！

1 I’ve changed my job.

2 She doesn’t know what she’s doing.

3 That’ll cost you $10.

4 Be careful of the dog.

5 There’s no time to waste.

6 The bus is coming.

7 Do you speak English?

8 I haven’t been there.

9 He think he’s clever.

10 Have you got a light?

 

答案一樣在下面

1 I’ve changed my job.

Changed my job.

2 She doesn’t know what she’s doing.

Don’t know what she’s doing.

3 That’ll cost you $10.

Cost you $10.

4 Be careful of the dog.

Careful of the dog.

5 There’s no time to waste.

No time to waste.

6 The bus is coming.

Bus is coming.

7 Do you speak English?

Speak English?

8 I haven’t been there.

Haven’t been there.

9 He thinks he’s clever.

Thinks he’s clever.

10 Have you got a light?

Got a light?

 

特別注意的是我們只能省略重音的字前的代名詞

Like you dress. (I like your dress.)

Haven’t seen him. (I haven’t seen him.)

Can’t swim. (I can’t swim.)

不可以說 Have seen him. ，也不能說 Can swim. 因為這些助動詞都是非重音字

助動詞在人稱代名詞前可以省略，除了 I 跟 it

You coming? (Are you coming?)

She want something? (Do she want something?)

I late? (X) 必須說 Am I late?

It raining? (X) 必須說 Is it raining?

假如對句子重音不太熟悉的人可能會有點困惑，但是沒關係，聽得懂別人表達的意思就可以，你還是可以講完整的句子，能溝通是最重要的，不要省略到不應該省略的字把意思弄錯就好了。

潔西昨天跟前天感冒到一個不成人樣，還好，吃了藥再加上不斷地睡覺總算好了一點，最近沒力氣打掃，有點力氣寫文，那就把打掃放到過年後，這樣有沒有很偷懶，反正自己的家沒有人來拜年，房間整理整理有地方睡就好了，哈哈，有人跟潔西一樣嗎？快過年了，可能大家沒時間看文，潔西剛好相反，時間比較多，所以一直發。可以等到年後要振作努力的時候再看吧，哈哈。Have a good day!