今天要說的還是情態助動詞,做建議的時候,我們這麼做吧!不如這樣做吧?算是簡單又清楚的,只是同樣的字,比方說 could 有好幾種用法,一個個用法看很清楚,有時候看到他出現的時候,卻會不知道用法是什麼或究竟該在什麼時候用。其實這些用法都很日常,多去注意聽一些用法,久了就會知道在什麼時候用。學過後仔細聽電視影集或電影裡面用到的時機,跟時態一樣,慢慢地就會有感覺知道在什麼時候需要用哪個字,不過需要花時間多練習,多聽多看多讀,盡量用出來,不要怕用錯,雖然用錯有時候意思會差很多。這就是語言啊!Ces’t la vie! (法語,但是英文也常用)這就是人生啊!週末愉快!
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H 表達不必須與禁止 Lack of necessity and Prohibition: don’t have to, must not
must not/mustn’t 用在禁止,否定的命令
Students must not leave bicycles in front of the library.
Passengers must not speak to the driver.
You mustn’t park here – it’s not allowed.
You mustn’t make this mistake again.
Must not 用來跟小孩說或是在沒有選擇的處境下,對於成人會說 can’t
You must not use your horn unnecessarily.
We can’t park here. It’s a tow-away zone.
I/We mustn’t 用來說我們覺得不做某件事是必須的
I mustn’t forget her birthday again.
We mustn’t be late for the meeting.
do ont have to 用來說某件事是不需要的
We don’t have to hurry; we’re early. (It’s not necessary to hurry. We have plenty of time.)
I don’t have to get up early on Sunday. (I can stay in bed if I want.)
Friday’s a holiday – I don’t have to work.
You don’t have to pay now – tomorrow’s OK.
Teachers don’t have to work on Sunday.
Must 跟 mustn’t 可以用來表達未來。不能用過去式,要用 have to 的過去式。
I must phone Harry tomorrow.
練習八
Use must not or do not have to in the following.
1 I’ve already finished all my work, so I _________________ study tonight. I think I’ll read for a while.
2 I _________________ forget to take my key with me.
3 You _________________ introduce me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
4 In order to be a good salesclerk, you _________________ be rude to a customer.
5 A person _________________ become rich and famous in order to live a successful life.
6 Johnny You _________________ play with sharp knives. Put the knife down immediately!
7 I _________________ go to the doctor. I’m feeling much better.
8 We _________________ go to the concert. If you don’t want to, but it might be good.
9 Robin! What are you doing? No, no, no. You _________________ put your vitamin pill in your nose!
10 Bats _________________ see in order to avoid obstacles. They can navigate in complete darkness.
11 If you encounter a growling dog, you _________________ show any signs of fear. If a dog senses fear, it is more likely to attack a person.
12 A person _________________ get married in order to lead a happy and fulfilling life.
1 很晚了。我該走了。
2 你必須在明天完成這工作。
3 我們必須要安靜。
4 我想我們必須先付款。
5 你一定要快點來拜訪我們。
6 你不可以在這裡抽煙。
7 我星期天不用工作。
8 你現在不用付門票。
9 你不可以在你哥哥工作的時候打擾他。
10 我明天不用早起。
練習八
Use must not or do not have to in the following.
1 I’ve already finished all my work, so I ____don’t have to______ study tonight. I think I’ll read for a while.
2 I ____mustn’t _____________ forget to take my key with me.
3 You _____don’t have to____________ introduce me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
4 In order to be a good salesclerk, you ___mustn’t______________ be rude to a customer.
5 A person ____doesn’t have to_____________ become rich and famous in order to live a successful life.
6 Johnny, you ___mustn’t______________ play with sharp knives. Put the knife down immediately!
7 I ___don’t have to______________ go to the doctor. I’m feeling much better.
8 We ___don’t have to______________ go to the concert. If you don’t want to, but it might be good.
9 Robin! What are you doing? No, no, no. You ___mustn’t______________ put your vitamin pill in your nose!
10 Bats ___don’t have to______________ see in order to avoid obstacles. They can navigate in complete darkness.
11 If you encounter a growling dog, you ____mustn’t_____________ show any signs of fear. If a dog senses fear, it is more likely to attack a person.
12 A person __doesn’t have to_______________ get married in order to lead a happy and fulfilling life.
1 很晚了。我該走了。 It’s late. I have to go.
2 你必須在明天完成這工作。You must finish this work tomorrow.
3 我們必須要安靜。We must be quiet. / We have to quiet.
4 我想我們必須先付款。I think we have to pay in advance.
5 你一定要快點來拜訪我們。 You must visit us soon.
6 你不可以在這裡抽煙。 You mustn’t smoke here.
7 我星期天不用工作。 I don’t have to work on Sundays.
8 你現在不用付門票。 You don’t have to pay the ticket now.
9 你不可以在你哥哥工作的時候打擾他。 You mustn’t disturb your brother while he’s working.
10 我明天不用早起。 I don’t have to get up early tomorrow.