其實這一篇主要是在說定冠詞 the 的用法,一開始學英文的人可能回覺得 the 很討厭,究竟什麼時候要用 the ,什麼時候又不用 the 呢?這真的很難一一說明,有一整本書討論五十種不同用法,先前有參考寫了簡版的,不過這次寫講義的時候改了一下,把一些自己教學多年來覺得可能比較常會用到的規則整理了一下。 順便把常見前面不用加 the 被誤加的列出來,比方說國家,比方說街道。喔,國家什麼時候要加 the 什麼時候不用也有說到喔。
昨天半夜錄的影片,有點無趣,相較於 a, an 的那隻影片,錄那隻影片太亢奮了,也不知道我在興奮什麼。半夜錄的影片又太鎮定的,正經八百,莫名其妙。雙極人格的特質?希望沒有影響學習。昨天睡不著,寫了長篇文,關於語言,很多人都覺得只要去上課,英文馬上可以變好,不要小看語言好不好,不是每個會講英文的人都會教英文。實際上有機會去教中文就知道了,教英文跟教中文?我一定選教英文,中文才真的有夠難。
今天超冷的,昨天半夜冷醒,終於要把我忘記我有的毯子拿出來了!潔西正式宣佈冬天來臨!不過我還是穿著無袖的夏天洋裝加上一件長袖針織衫在家,還好我家目前沒有那麼冷,不用穿很多。十五度,體感十三度真的有冷。在加拿大的小寶笑說台灣冷?他們現在是零下一度,恩,他們贏了,但是台北還是很冷,哈哈。
居然十二點了,這種天最好就是吃火鍋,正中午打算悠哉悠哉吃火鍋的人是不是有點可恨啊?不會啦,可恨之人必有可憐之處,這可憐的人昨天上完課回到家可是晚上十一點多了呢。放飯去,午安!
不定冠詞 a 與 an 放在單數可數名詞前面,不可以放在複數或不可數名詞前面。
定冠詞 the 可以放在單數,複數可數名詞前面,也可以放在不可數名詞前面。
the 的用法
1 指特定的某一個
桌上有一盤橘子 Can I have a tangerine?
桌上有一個橘子,一個香蕉,一個蘋果 Can I have the tangerine?
2 講話的人彼此都知道的東西,事物
Could you close the window? It’s cold.
It’s dark in the room. Turn on the light.
Hurry up! The movie is starting.
3 第一次提到一個名詞的時候用 a 或 an,接下來因為彼此都知道了,就用 the
I bought a dress and a skirt. The dress was very expensive.
Joe lent me a book. The book is very interesting.
4 最高級的時候用 the
She’s the oldest daughter.
Paris is the most beautiful place in the world.
5 the 加形容詞表示該族群的人
Life nowadays is very difficult for the poor and the disabled.
There was a garden for the blind.
6 獨特的,唯一的存在
The moon goes around the earth.
The sun rises in the east.
7 方位前面
at the top, at the bottom, of the left, of the right, in the middle
In Taiwan, people drive on the right.
8 樂器
I can’t play the guitar.
Can you play the piano?
9 系統或服務
I heard it on the radio.
She likes to surf the Internet.
10 序數前
I live on the first floor.
We have a meeting on December the fifth.
11 當國家的名字當中有 union, kingdom, states, republic 時等複合字時
the United States, the United Kingdom, the Republic of China, the People’s Republic of China
Are you from the United States?
He lives in the United Kingdom. He’s from England.
12 比較沒有規則的可以用慣用法來記,比方說 the same, the police, the countryside, the weather 等等
They went to the same school.
The weather wasn’t very good yesterday.
13 前面不用 the 的字,語言 English, Japanese,三餐 breakfast, lunch, dinner,城市 New York, Tokyo,大部分的國家 France, Italy,電視 watch TV,this, last, next 加上 week, month, year, summer, January, Friday 等等 this Monday, last week
Do you speak Chinese?
We went to the movies last Sunday.
14 通常一個單數可數名詞不會單獨存在,通常需要 a 或 an 或 the 或 this, that 或 my, your 等等。
Do you have a dog? Would you like an apple? The book you want is on the table.
I don’t like this dress, but I like that one. Is this your pen or mine? mine=my pen
15 英文一般要表達總體,總稱的時候,前面通常不會用 the 。
可數名詞通常用複數來表達
I don’t like carrots. I like apple. (X)
Lemons are sour.
不可數名詞直接可以表達
I like coffee.
Money is important.
可以用 the 加可數單數名詞代表全部,比較不常用
The tiger is a very dangerous animal. Tigers are very dangerous animals.
My favorite flower is the rose. Roses are my favorite flowers.
翻譯練習
1 你早餐通常都吃什麼?
2 我給你票錢了嗎?
3 米在歐洲很貴。
4 我今天早上跟他講電話。
5 我們房子沒有花園
6 假如你喜歡海灘,陽光,衝浪,或許你可以考慮我們的假期套裝行程。
7 我跟我朋友要去英國旅行一個月。
8 我上個月去日本。人們很友善,空氣很清新,街道很乾淨。
9 我從圖書館借了一本書。它是我看過最糟糕的書。
10 Andrew 喜歡貓,但是他不喜歡狗。
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答案
1 你早餐通常都吃什麼?
1 What do you usually eat for breakfast?
2 我給你票錢了嗎?
2 Did I give you the money for the ticket?
3 米在歐洲很貴。
3 Rice is very expensive in Europe.
4 我今天早上跟他講電話。
4 I talked to him on the phone this morning.
(更正:影片裡面少了 this morning)
5 我們房子沒有花園
5 Our house doesn’t have a garden.
6 假如你喜歡海灘,陽光,衝浪,或許你可以考慮我們的假期套裝行程。
6 If you like the beach, the sun, and the surf, you might consider our vacation package.
7 我跟我朋友要去英國旅行一個月。
7 My friend and I are taking a trip to the U.K. for a month.
8 我上個月去日本。人們很友善,空氣很清新,街道很乾淨。
8 I went to Japan last month. The people were friendly, the air was fresh, and the streets were clean.
9 我從圖書館借了一本書。它是我看過最糟糕的書。
9 I borrowed a book from the library. It was the worst book I have ever read.
10 Andrew 喜歡貓,但是他不喜歡狗。
10 Andrew likes cats, but he doesn’t like dogs.