真的不能不稱讚 Google 照片的搜索功能。在影片中講到 have a barbecue in the back yard 在院子面烤肉,講解的時候想到說潔西當年在澳洲唸書的時候曾經在當時租的房子的前院烤肉,本來想說找照片太麻煩,但是去 Google 圖片打個 barbecue ,這張照片之外的好多烤肉的照片都出來了呢。
影片是在解釋 I’d like … 跟 Would you like …? 的用法,本來要找打籃球的照片但是沒找到,Google 照片的搜尋功能蠻強大的,但是也蠻好笑的。因為也有講到冰淇淋,所以呢就找了冰淇淋的照片,然後這影片封面這一張明明吃的是蛋糕但是不知道為什麼跑了出來。Would you like some cake? 要來點蛋糕嗎?
有時候覺得自己真的很容易生氣啊,就是不喜歡的事很多,先前好像寫過別讓潔西不開心的分類,專門寫不開心的事。讓我不開心的事真的太多了,最近特別不開心的是昨天下課的時候看到川普居然說可以試著把清潔劑注入到人體看看會是很有趣這種超級白痴發言,紐約時報甚至報導超親川普的福斯新聞 Fox News 都說了 Injecting disinfectants is poisonous. 注射清潔劑是有毒的。各大清潔劑廠商也出來呼籲。然後川普說他只是諷刺說法而已,福斯新聞的標題:Trump claims he was being sarcastic about coronavirus disinfectant comments 川普宣稱他對於新冠病毒清潔劑的發言只是嘲諷而已。才怪,新聞整段都播出來,還要強辯。Trump receives backlash for disinfectant comments 川普受到強烈批評因為清潔劑的發言。backlash 這個字是強烈反對,強烈反應的意思,這兩天一直聽到。
啊!說到小七,那天去買東西的時候突然想到查了一下悠遊卡存的發票居然有中一張,十一月,快到期了,當天身上沒有證件所以不能領發票,明天要帶證件去,上次的也中了一張,這個叫做 simple and happy 簡單的幸福,剛剛晚餐的時候看偶像的電影,也覺得很幸福。前幾天看到一個影片在推特上超感動的,因為有加臉書的粉絲的社團,所以就放上去,順便問了一下其中一個團員為什麼在哭,粉絲都超專業的,也不過就一個畫面,馬上就有粉絲告訴潔西那是幾年幾月幾日的哪一個節目中出現的畫面跟掉淚的原因,然後呢有人就乾脆找了影片連結給潔西,然後呢還有人再加上在另外一隻某年某月某日的影片有提到,全都看了,好開心啊。其實在同個社團有看到人家在問影片,潔西也超熱心把影片找出來要給人家看,但是已經有別人留言了,恩,總之呢加入粉絲社團真不錯。
看脫口秀的主持人 Jimmy Falson 的兩個女兒都是金髮,突然想到有追的好幾個影星的老婆都是金髮美女,所以金髮美女不是迷思是事實?潔西亂掰的,好累,每天都很累,不看電影要看書去了,圖書館下次不借兩星期要還的書了啦,根本看不完。我已經要放棄偷書賊要改看翻譯的偵探小說去了,不然就要把沒看過的書拿去還會蠻不甘心的,背得那麼重的書是背心酸的喔。廢文製造機的潔西大概再繼續寫兩個小時都沒問題,難怪當老師,一天到晚說不完的話啊!大家收心愉快晚安或早安迎接週一。Bye bye.
must 跟 have to 用法講解
翻譯練習
1 must 跟 have to 加動詞原型都可以用來表示必須做某件事,must 語氣比 have to 強烈,常用在寫作,表格,標示,公告。口語比較常用 have to 來表達必須做某事。
You’ll be leaving college soon. You must think about your future.
You must leave your key at reception when you go out.
I have to wear glasses all the time.
She has to work on weekends.
2 must not 用在禁止,否定的命令,表是不做某件事是必須的,must not 可以縮寫成 mustn’t
You must not park here. / You mustn’t park here.
You must not forget her birthday again. / You mustn’t forget her birthday again.
3 don’t have to/doesn’t have to 用在表示某件事是不需要的
We don’t have to hurry. We’re early.
I’m off tomorrow. I don’t have to get up early.
4 要表達過去必須做某事的時候會用 had to
He had to go to New York for a meeting last month.
They had to change their plan because of the accident.
You didn’t have to do that.
How long did he have to wait?
5 have to 的句型
肯定句:主詞 + have/has to +動詞原型
主詞
have to/has to
動詞原型
其他部分
I
You
We
They
have to
cook
wear
pay
go
for my family.
a tie at work.
in advance.
to church on Sundays.
He
She
has to
be
exercise.
quiet.
否定句:主詞 + don’t/doesn’t + have to +動詞原型
主詞
don’t/doesn’t
have to
動詞原型
其他部分
I
You
We
They
don’t
have to
cook
wear
pay
go
for my family.
a tie at work.
in advance.
to church on Sundays.
He
She
doesn’t
have to
be
exercise.
quiet.
5 have to 的句型
Yes/No 疑問句:Do/Does + 主詞 + have to +動詞原型?
Do/Does
主詞
have to
動詞原型
其他部分
Do
I
you
we
they
have to
cook
wear
pay
go
for my family?
a tie at work?
in advance?
to church on Sundays?
Does
he
she
have to
be
exercise?
quiet?
WH 疑問句:WH 疑問詞 + do/does + 主詞 + have to +動詞原型?
WH 疑問詞
do/does
主詞
have to
動詞原型
其他部分
What time
How much
When
How often
do
I
you
we
they
have to
get
pay
leave?
work
up?
every month?
on Saturdays?
Where
What
does
he
she
have to
go?
do?
翻譯練習
1 很晚了。我該走了。
2 你必須穿西裝,但是你不用打領帶。
3 你不必幫我介紹你老闆。我們已經見過面。
4 因為她是學生所以她必須讀很多書。
5 你必須十八歲或超過才可以看某些電影。
6 你進我房間前不需要敲門。
7 一個人不需要有錢跟有名才能過成功的生活。
8 他唸高中的時候不需要穿制服。(過去式)
9 她的雙親必須幫她付她的大學教育。(過去式)
10 他們為什麼必須提早離開?(過去式)
翻譯練習 答案
.
.
.
.
1 很晚了。我該走了。
1 It’s late. I have to go.
2 你必須穿西裝,但是你不用打領帶。
2 You have to wear a suit, but you don’t have to wear a tie.
3 你不必幫我介紹你老闆。我們已經見過面。
3 You don’t have to introduce me to your boss. We’ve already met.
4 因為她是學生所以她必須讀很多書。
4 She has to read a lot of books because she is a student.
5 你必須十八歲或超過才可以看某些電影。
5 You have to be 18 or over to see some movies.
6 你進我房間前不需要敲門。
6 You don’t have to knock before you come into my room.
7 一個人不需要有錢跟有名才能過成功的生活。
7 A person doesn’t have to become rich and famous in order to live a successful life.
8 他唸高中的時候不需要穿制服。(過去式)
8 He didn’t have to wear a uniform when he was in high school.
9 她的雙親必須幫她付她的大學教育。(過去式)
9 Her parents had to pay for her university education.
下午上課也是,學生超冷的,問他事情,要說不知道的時候居然我 I east know. 然後兩個人就對笑, I don’t know. 的 don’t 不是很像東的音嗎?哈哈哈。難得這個星期來有這麼開心的下午,感謝學生。其實凡事都是一體兩面,雖然這是個亂七八糟的一星期,但是呢也有值得開心的事啊!
對了,星巴克最近因為社交距離 social distance 所以呢收了一些桌子,今天去吃午餐的時候,在台北市,嚇了一跳,一般的麵店,也有賣飯,居然也收了一些桌子保持社交距離,突然覺得台北市很高級的感覺啊,哈哈。然後先前在星巴克上完課要離開的時候有坐其實有點距離的客人來跟潔西說她潔西上課講得很清楚很仔細,想問潔西家教的事,早上的星巴克比較安靜吧,自己可能沒感覺,講得很開心,所以附近的人大家都聽到潔西在上課嗎?真是不好意思。
突然間看到很令人難過的消息BBC的新聞快報,我都忘記我訂閱了 BBC News Japan,日文的新聞跳出來,紐約因為死者太多,集體運到離島去,點進去,結果是英文報導但是日文字幕,但是有個很討人厭的人冒出來。看到連教堂都變成戰地醫院,實在,唉有關 COVID-19的令人難過的消息真的是每天不斷,唯一的好消息就是台灣的確診人數最近都是個位數,繼續加油啊!大家非常有警覺心。
can不管主詞是什麼都是用 can,後面接動詞的原形 V0,一定不可以加 to ( I can to swim.) 也不可以用動名詞 (I can swimming)。否定比較特別,can 本身是助動詞,但是從前不用 can not,用 cannot 或 can’t,現在新的文法書有用 can not 。疑問句則把助動詞 can 移到主詞前面造問句。
肯定句:主詞 + can +動詞原型
主詞
can
動詞原型
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
can
sing.
swim.
dance.
play baseball.
run fast.
speak Japanese.
drive.
play the guitar.
否定句:主詞 + cannot/can’t +動詞原型
主詞
cannot
can’t
動詞原型
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
cannot
can’t
sing.
swim.
dance.
play baseball.
run fast.
speak Japanese.
drive.
play the guitar.
疑問句:Can + 主詞 + 動詞原型?
Can
主詞
動詞原型?
Can
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
sing?
swim?
dance?
play baseball?
run fast?
speak Japanese?
drive?
play the guitar?
2 could
表示過去的能力,否定是 could not 或 couldn’t
She could ride a bike when she was 7.
I couldn’t speak English when I was little.
肯定句:主詞 + could +動詞原型
主詞
could
動詞原型
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
could
sing.
swim.
dance.
play baseball.
run fast.
speak Japanese.
drive.
play the guitar.
否定句:主詞 + couldn’t +動詞原型
主詞
couldn’t
動詞原型
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
couldn’t
sing.
swim.
dance.
play baseball.
run fast.
speak Japanese.
drive.
play the guitar.
疑問句:Could + 主詞 + 動詞原型?
Could
主詞
動詞原型?
Could
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
sing?
swim?
dance?
play baseball?
run fast?
speak Japanese?
drive?
play the guitar?
翻譯練習
1 我能做五十個伏地挺身 (push-up)。
2 妳可以輕易地在台北找到好的餐廳。
3 他三歲就會游泳了。
4 他媽媽不會做菜。他們總是外食。
5 你小時候會騎腳踏車嗎?
6 他們會彈鋼琴嗎?
7 我沒有辦法跑得很快。
8 你的技能是什麼?你會做什麼?
9 我現在會開車,但是我兩年前不會。
10 因為音樂很大聲所以我聽不見你說什麼。
.
.
.
.
.
翻譯練習 答案
1 我能做五十個伏地挺身 (push-up)。
1 I can do 50 push-ups.
2 妳可以輕易地在台北找到好的餐廳。
2 You can easily find a good restaurant in Taipei.
3 他三歲就會游泳了。
3 He could swim when he was three years old.
4 他媽媽不會做菜。他們總是外食。
4 His mother can’t cook. They always eat out.
5 你小時候會騎腳踏車嗎?
5 Could you ride a bike when you were a kid?
6 他們會彈鋼琴嗎?
6 Can they play the piano?
7 我沒有辦法跑得很快。
7 I can’t run fast.
8 你的技能是什麼?你會做什麼?
8 What are your skills? What can you do?
9 我現在會開車,但是我兩年前不會。
9 I can drive now, but I couldn’t two years ago.
10 因為音樂很大聲所以我聽不見你說什麼。
10 The music was so loud that I couldn’t hear what you were saying.
一大早被雨吵醒,這種天氣真的是容易令人心情黯淡。影片其實做很久,從一開始這篇講義的改寫就花了很多時間,然後製作成 Keynote (在 Mac 上面相當於 Windows 的 Power Point) 的影片的時候又花了很多時間,再製作成影片的時候又會一直改,今天只有做影片就花了快三個小時,昨天的影片光做就花了一個多小時,然後寫文又快一個小時。這種天氣就是會令你懷疑人生,花了這麼多時間做,但是看一下觀看人數會令人覺得究竟把時間花在這上面有沒有意義,嗚嗚。 當作是興趣在做,得失心不要太重。有時候真的覺得自己整理得比一些書上寫得都還清楚,但是呢就是沒有讀者跟觀眾,傷心。
潔西真的是被自己打敗,中午煮了酸辣湯飯,因為是一人份,懶得用湯匙舀,想說直接拿鍋子用倒得倒進大湯碗,然後動作太大?速度太快?湯整個甩出來,大概五分之一甩到地上去了,還好沒燙到自己,剛煮好的湯燙到可是不得了。打掃了很久,一邊想為什麼自己會這麼誇張呢?對了,打翻可以用 spill 這個字,Jessie spilled the soup because she was absent-minded. 潔西因為心不在焉所以打翻湯。
前兩天的說到的「短気は損気」, “Haste makes waste.",「欲速則不達」,「甲緊弄破碗」非常好的描述潔西啊。急性子的潔西真的常常打翻東西,走在家裡三不五時也會撞到牆壁,太急了?角度沒算對。唉,慢慢來。
奶油漲價好誇張喔,二十年前潔西第一次做餅乾蛋糕的時候,安佳奶油是45元,當時陽春麵大概二十元吧。剛剛看安佳奶油全聯賣185元,四倍耶,為什麼?昨天半夜突然超想吃自己做的比司吉,但是沒有泡打粉跟小蘇打粉,早上去買回來以為家裡還有奶油,結果不夠,嗚嗚,還是好想吃喔,出門買奶油去。話說,昨天看到家裡的麵粉居然過期半年,早上看小蘇打粉,更誇爭,過期一年,真的太久沒有烘焙了。是個肥滋滋的嗜好,但是香味非常療癒,非常時期,心理衛生也很重要,做比司吉去了。祝大家平安健康,有美好的一天。Have a good day!
今天要說的還是情態助動詞,做建議的時候,我們這麼做吧!不如這樣做吧?算是簡單又清楚的,只是同樣的字,比方說 could 有好幾種用法,一個個用法看很清楚,有時候看到他出現的時候,卻會不知道用法是什麼或究竟該在什麼時候用。其實這些用法都很日常,多去注意聽一些用法,久了就會知道在什麼時候用。學過後仔細聽電視影集或電影裡面用到的時機,跟時態一樣,慢慢地就會有感覺知道在什麼時候需要用哪個字,不過需要花時間多練習,多聽多看多讀,盡量用出來,不要怕用錯,雖然用錯有時候意思會差很多。這就是語言啊!Ces’t la vie! 這就是人生啊!週末愉快!
講解影片
1 Shall we …? 或 Let’s 可以用來做建議,接原型動詞。
It’s a nice day. Shall we go for a walk? – Yes, OK.
Let’s go for a walk. – Good idea.
Let’s not go for a walk. – Why not?
2 Why don’t …?是口語比較友善的建議,接原型動詞。
Why don’t we go to a movie?
Why don’t you take a break?
3 could 也可以用來做建議,其中也有可能性在內,接原型動詞。
We could watch a movie tonight. – Yes, why not?
Maybe we could go to Taipei. – Sounds good.
4 shall, should, can 可以用來問建議,接原型動詞。
What shall/should I do?
What can I get Tom for his birthday?
5 shall we 可以是 let’s 的附加問句. It’s Friday, isn’t it?
情態助動詞:can, could, may, might, must, ought to, should, will, would, shall, had better
情態助動詞片語:be able to, be going to, be supposed to, have to, have got to
A Ability 表能力:can, could, be able to
a can 用來表示體能,常與感官動詞連用,表示已經學會的技能,表可能性,非正式時表允許。否定
是 cannot 或 can’t。
I can do 50 push-ups. sit-ups
She can see the tower from here.
They can speak French.
You can easily find a good restaurant in Taipei.
You can give me a call before 9 p.m.
He can’t play basketball.
What’s in the soup? I can taste something funny.
b could 表示過去的能力,否定是 could not 或 couldn’t
I couldn’t speak English when I was little.
She could ride a bike when she was 7.
c be able to 可以用再現在,過去,未來。現在式多用 can ,而不用 be able to 。表達過去 could 跟 was/were able to 都可以,未來跟不定詞後面用 be able to 。
He’s able to swim.
He can swim.
My parents weren’t able to use the computer a year ago.
My parents couldn’t use the computer a year ago.
I will be able to finish it on time.
He wants to be able to ski.
練習一:填入 can, could, be able to,儘可能用 can 跟 could 。有些句子是否定的。Longman P118
1 Steve is enjoying his computer class. Two weeks ago, he _________________ even use the mouse, but now he _________________ edit his homework. By next week, he _________________ do research on the Internet.
2 Eva misses her family in Greece. She _________________ visit them for years, but they just got an e-mail account, so now they _________________ keep in touch daily.
3 I _________________ understand how to set up a presentation. The software instruction don’t help. I think I’ll take a professional development course. In a few months maybe I _________________ make that presentation.
4 Mike and I _________________ get along since we started this business. He _________________ work alone (he needs people), and I _________________ work in a group (I have to work alone). I hope we _________________ work out our problems soon.
Longman – Grammar Express
1 Steve is enjoying his computer class. Two weeks ago, he ___couldn’t______________ even use the mouse, but now he _____can____________ edit his homework. By next week, he ___will be able to______________ do research on the Internet.
2 Eva misses her family in Greece. She ___hasn’t been able to ______________ visit them for years, but they just got an e-mail account, so now they _____can____________ keep in touch daily.
3 I _____can’t____________ understand how to set up a presentation. The software instruction don’t help. I think I’ll take a professional development course. In a few months maybe I ___will be able to ______________ make that presentation.
4 Mike and I __haven’t been able to_______________ get along since we started this business. He ______can’t___________ work alone (he needs people), and I ___can’t______________ work in a group (I have to work alone). I hope we __will be able to _______________ work out our problems soon.
另外主詞是 I 的時候可以用 Can I …? Could I …? May I …? 主詞是 you 的時候只可以用 Can you …? Will you …? Could you …? Would you …?
其實還有很多更客氣地平常有聽到聽的懂,只是沒有特別記住。比方說下面的例子:
Is it OK If …
Is it OK if I use your phone?
我使用你的電話可以嗎?
Do you mind if …
Do you mind if I open the window?
你介意我開窗戶嗎。?
Would it be all right if S + V2
Would it be all right if I stayed at your place?
我可以住在你家嗎?
Would you mind if S + V2
Would you mind if I turned off the TV?
你介意我關電視嗎。
上面兩個比較特別的地方是請求的部分都要用動詞的過去式,假設語氣的用法。
I was wondering if S could + V1
I was wondering if I could use your computer?
我在想我能不能用你的電腦?
這個句子算是固定句型,看起來是過去式,其實問的是現在。
Would you mind + V-ing
Would you mind making some coffee for me?
你介意幫我泡咖啡嗎?
最後這個是 mind 這個動詞後面要加動名詞,不要忘記了!
Mind 有點混淆對不對?潔西是這麼記的,mind 後面直接加動詞的話要接 ing 。Do you mind if …因為是簡單式就加原型,而 Would it be all right if…, Would you mind if…這兩個有假設語氣 would 過去是,所以後面動詞也用過去式。這樣有記住嗎?