【潔西家】劍橋活用英語文法 初級 32 情態助動詞 must 用法+時態日記 2020/04/15

潔西又做了時態日記,昨天是個悲慘的一天,一起床頭微微痛,然後就大發作,吃藥後不知道為什麼頭不痛但是轉成全身酸痛,完全沒力氣,累到一個莫名其妙,病一整天,感覺火車輾過一樣。明明前一天星期一做了五隻影片,覺得精力充沛,物極必反?Don’t bite off more than you can chew. 不要咬超過你可以咀嚼的?中文的翻譯其實是不要自不量力的意思。星期一可能太逞強了,所以星期二就自食其果了。總之呢就超級累,勉強錄了影片自己都覺得難得我講話這麼溫柔啊,其實是非常虛弱沒力氣說話啊!

今天還是沒有很舒服,希望不是感冒了,這不是個感冒的時間點啊,還好這幾天都沒課,星期一晚上正有精力的時候還在想說要去九份走走,上一次去到那邊是幾年前,選錯時間,暑假,車站滿滿的人,到處都是人,我到了瑞芳火車站下車後,看到那人潮,去公車站牌看到等公車的人,就放棄了,哪裡都沒去又坐火車回台北了。

今天要好好加油,把上課的東西準備一下,散散步,可以的話再做個瑜伽,但是不能太累,這幾天天氣不錯,希望明天可以去九份走走,有人要一起去的嗎?我只是隨便說說,大家都要上班吧?不用上班的歡迎報名一起去踏青!Hav a good day! 祝大家有個愉快的一天!

 

時態日記講解

 

I got up on the wrong side of the bed yesterday. Anything that could go wrong went wrong. First, I noticed that I had a slight migraine when I got up, so I made myself a big cup of brown sugar latte again. It didn’t work. I took a pill called Imigran, which costs $250 if you buy it in a drugstore. The medicine was really strong and I felt my whole body ached so much that I had to lie down for a nap. 我昨天有個糟透了的一天(英文用起床起錯邊來表示一天都很糟糕)。任何會出錯的事都出錯了。首先我注意到我起床時有一點偏頭痛,所以我又泡了一大杯黑糖拿鐵。沒用。我吃了一顆叫做英明格的藥,一顆要兩百五十元,假如你在藥局買的話。那個藥很強,我覺的我全身酸痛到我必須要躺下來小睡一下。

I usually feel better after I take the medicine, but it was not the case yesterday. I was still very weak and sick after I slept for three hours. I managed to get up but I couldn’t do much. Everything I did needed a lot of effort. I tried to prepare for my lessons, but I ended up watching Ponyo on Netflix. It is a Japanese animated fantasy film (which was) written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and produced by Studio Ghibli. 我通吃過藥後會覺得比較好,但是昨天完全不是那回事。我還是很虛弱很並在我睡了三個小時後。我盡力從床上起來,但是我沒辦法做太多事。我做每件事都要非常努力。我試著準備上課的東西,但是我最後變成在網飛上看崖上的波妞。它是一部日本動畫奇幻電影,由宮崎駿所寫跟導演,由吉普力工作室製作。

I spent most of my time in bed yesterday. While I was lying in bed, I got a message from my student. She wanted to suspend classes due to her morning sickness, which I totally understand. However, three classes were canceled this week, and not having stable income worries me from time to time. I decided to go to bed early and called it a day. All I wanted to do was just drinking some water before bed, and I couldn’t believe that I dropped my mug and broke it. It never rains but it pours. Finally, I went to bed at 10 p.m. last night. 我花大部分的時間在床上。當我躺在床上的時候,我收到我學生的一則訊息。她想要停課因為她孕吐,我完全可以理解。然侯,這個星期有三堂課被取消,而沒有穩定的收入三不五時會讓我擔憂。我決定早睡,結束一天。我所想要的只是在上床前喝點水,我不敢相信我手滑摔破杯子。禍不單行(英文表達說從來不下雨,不然就下大雨)。終於,我十點上床睡覺。

Whenever I have a terrible day, I always tell myself the sentence from the movie Gone With the Wind: Tomorrow is another day. 每次我有個糟糕的一天時,我總是告訴我自己從飄這部電影裡面出來的句子:明天又是另外一天。

Is today a better day? I’m not sure. At least it isn’t as bad as yesterday, and I’ll have to work hard to make it a good day! Keep on working! 今天是個比較好的一天嗎?我不確ㄉㄛˋ最少,不像昨天那麼糟,我需要努力讓它變成好的一天。繼續加油!

 

情態助動詞解說

 

情態助動詞翻譯練習

 

1 must 可以用來表示我們認為某件事情是真的

Andrew isn’t answering the phone. He must be in the meeting.

The doorbell is ringing. It must be the mailman.  deliveryman

 

2 must not 可以用來表示我們認為事情一定不是如此

Sam has flunked every test so far this semester. He must not study very hard.

He looks pale. He must not feel well.

 

3 must 也可以用來表示我們認為某件事是必須的,可以用在現在跟未來

I must do my homework now.

He must work late tomorrow.

 

4 用來表示過去必須做某件事時,不用 must ,要用 had to

Sandra had to get up early yesterday.

He had to quit his job last month.

 

5 must not 用在禁止,否定的命令,must not 可以縮寫成 mustn’t

Students must not leave bicycles in front of the library.

Passengers must not speak to the driver.

 

翻譯練習答案

1 狗在叫。一定有人在門口。

2 她一定認為我瘋了。

3 我知道你在開玩笑。你一定不是認真的。

4 他們買了一間房子。他們一定是賺很多錢。

5 我聽說你兒子有個很好的工作。你一定很為他驕傲。

6 你一定不可以在畫廊拍照。那對畫不好。

7 在台灣,你必須要二十歲才能投票。

8 醫生跟我說我必須要減肥。

9 你的房間一團亂。你必須要整理它。

10 你一定不可以打擾你的父親在他工作時。

翻譯練習答案

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1 狗在叫。一定有人在門口。

1 The dog is barking.

   There must be someone at the door.

 

2 她一定認為我瘋了。

2 She must think I am crazy.

 

3 我知道你在開玩笑。你一定不是認真的。

3 I know you’re joking. You must not be serious.

 

4 他們買了一間大房子。他們一定是賺很多錢。

4 They bought a big house. They must make a lot of money.

 

5 我聽說你兒子有個很好的工作。你一定很為他驕傲。

5 I hear your son got a very good job. You must be very proud of him. 

 

6 你一定不可以在畫廊拍照。那對畫不好。

6 You must not take photos in the gallery. It’s bad for the paintings.

 

7 在台灣,你必須要二十歲才能投票。

7 In Taiwan, you must be 20 to vote.

 

8 醫生跟我說我必須要減肥。

8 The doctor told me I had to lose weight.

 

9 你的房間一團亂。你必須要整理它。

9 Your room is in a mess. You must tidy it.

 

10 你一定不可以打擾你的父親在他工作時。

10 You must not disturb your father while he’s working.

廣告

情態助動詞:表達必須,責任 necessity, obligation: Have to, Have got to, Must

表示必須可以用 must 跟 hav to ,但是之間的差異性很容易弄不清楚。其實潔西也覺得有點難。不過仔細看一下他的用法,還是會發覺有差別性。最重要是多聽多看,多觀察究竟這些字是被用在哪裡。另外他們的否定也有不同。明天再來放。

影片

 

G 表達必須,責任 necessity, obligation: Have to, Have got to, Must

用 must 跟 have to 加原型動詞來表示某些事情是必須的。

Tom must wear a uniform to school.

Men have to wear suits in my office. It’s a rule.

 

must 語氣比 have to 強烈,可以用在父母對小孩或老師對學生說話時。

用來表示說話者或聽話者的感覺跟希望

have (got) to 通常表示從其他地方來的責任

 

Must 用在寫作,比方說表格,標示,公告等。

You must stop completely at a stop sign.

 

You must … 用來給某個人命令或強力推薦

Your work is poor – you must try harder.

You must exercise. (I’m telling you.)

You must read this book; it’s fantastic!

You must come for lunch at our house.

 

I/We must … 用來說我們覺得某件事情是必須或重要的。

We must get a new car soon.

I must stop smoking. (I want to.)

I’ve got to stop smoking – doctor’s orders.

 

have to 用在談論因為其他人規定我們必須遵守的規則

My brother has to travel a lot in his job. (It’s required by his employer.)

We have to pay the rent every month. (It’s required by the landlord.)

 

have to 也用在因為某些狀況下是必須的。

I have to exercise. (The doctor told me.)

We have to be quiet. (That’s the rule.)

I have to buy a newspaper. The boss asked me to get one.

 

have got to 通常用來表達強烈的情感,在口說跟非正式寫作

He’s got to drive more slowly. I’m afraid he’s going to have an accident.

 

have to 的過去式是 had to ,未來用 will have to。也可以用 have to 來表示未來。

I had to do a lot of work yesterday.

Emma had to go to the dentist yesterday.

He’ll have to look for another job.

That wasn’t very good. We’ll have to do better next time.

I have to do some shopping tomorrow.

Do you have to work next weekend?

 

 

我們在問句的時候通常不用 must,而是用 have to

Must you wear those dirty jeans? (Is that what you want?) 比較不常用

Do you have to wear a tie at work? (Is there a rule?)

Do we have to wait here?

 

練習七

Put in must or have to/has to. Choose which is best for the situation.

1 I _______________ to go to the airport. I’m meeting someone.

2 You _______________ lock the door when you go out. There’ve been a lot of break-ins recently.

3 Daniel _______________ go to the bank. He doesn’t have any money.

4 You really _______________ make less noise. I’m trying to concentrate.

5 I think you _______________ pay to park here. I’ll just go and read the notice.

6 You really _______________ hurry up, Vicky. We don’t want to be late.

7 I _______________ put the heating on. I feel really cold.

8 I _______________ work late tomorrow. We’re very busy at the office.

練習七

Put in must or have to/has to. Choose which is best for the situation.

1 I _____have to__________ to go to the airport. I’m meeting someone.

2 You ____must___________ lock the door when you go out. There’ve been a lot of break-ins recently.

3 Daniel ___has to____________ go to the bank. He doesn’t have any money.

4 You really ____must___________ make less noise. I’m trying to concentrate.

5 I think you ____have to_________ pay to park here. I’ll just go and read the notice.

6 You really ___must____________ hurry up, Vicky. We don’t want to be late.

7 I ___must____________ put the heating on. I feel really cold.

8 I ____have to___________ work late tomorrow. We’re very busy at the office.

 

練習七

1 have to 2 must 3 has to 4 must 5 have to 6 must 7 must 8 have to