過去簡單式，過去進行式，過去完成式的用法與區別

Posted on 17 十一月 2016 by jessie

回應

過去簡單式，過去進行式，過去完成式的用法與區別的影片，有點長

練習題解答

潔西家進階文法教室 Jessie

下面有先前的過去完成式跟現在完成式與過去簡單式的文，更多的例子跟練習:)

Past Perfect 過去完成式詳解，與過去簡單式用法的區別

現在完成式與過去簡單式用法的區別 Present Perfect and Past Simple

參考書籍：

American English File 3, Oxford Practice Grammar, Grammar Express

這裡因為做比較跟區別，所以最前面放例句，然後是句型，接下來是使用的時機。再來是混合的練習題。題目做多了真的會比較有概念。

另外潔西自己在動詞的不同形態方面比較偷懶

V1：原形動詞 base form 也就是動詞的第一態，現在簡單式，不定詞後面

I go to bed at 2 a.m. / My brother takes the MRT to work.

V2：過去動詞 paste tense 也就是動詞的第二態，過去簡單式

I went to bed at 2 a.m. / My brother took the MRT to work today.

V3：過去分詞 past participle 也就是動詞的第三態，現在完成，過去完成，未

來完成，被動：

I have eaten breakfast. / I hit him. — He was hit by me.

V-ing：現在分詞 present participle 也就現在分詞，進行式

work, worked, worked, working

eat, ate, eaten, eating

潔西自己這樣用蠻久了，主流的文法書不會這樣用，網路上倒是最近也有看到類似的用法，主要是覺得比較好記，看得時候知道就好了。

A 過去簡單式 Past Simple:

主要就是在描述過去發生的某件事情。記得用主詞跟動詞的過去式。說過去的事情最常用的就是過去簡單式。

It all happened very quickly. The car came straight out of the side road, and the van went into the back of it. The van driver didn’t have a chance. It was the car driver’s fault.

一切發生的非常快。那台汽車直接從旁邊衝出來，而那台貨車撞到汽車的後面。貨車司機完全沒有機會(閃避)。是汽車司機的錯。

這上面有幾個過去式的動詞呢？數數看。詞性要記住才分辨得出來喔。

一共有五個，算對了嗎？

記句型的時候要把肯定句，否定句跟疑問句的用法都一起記喔

1 句型 Forms：主詞＋動詞的過去式(S + V2)：

肯定：They got married last year. My dog ate my homework.

否定：I didn’t have time to do homework.

疑問：What time did you get up this morning?

past——————x——————–now——————–future

2 使用時機Use：

在什麼時候用非常重要，通常用在一個在過去完成的動作，常跟過去時間連用

a 過去簡單式用在表達過去發生的事件或動作，已經結束。強調動作的完成

I ate a hamburger for lunch.

I ate a bread and coffee for breakfast. (x)

I ate bread and drank coffee for breakfast.

I had bread and coffee for breakfast.

b 描述過去發生的事情，當一個持續進行的動作被另一個短暫的動作打斷，持

續進行的動作用過去進行式，短暫打斷動作的用過去簡單式。

They were driving too fast when they crashed.

While I was taking a shower, someone called.

c 過去簡單式常用來講一個故事中的動作。

We arrived at the beach.

B 過去進行式Past Continuous：

用來說明過去某個時間正在進行的動作，持續的動作。句型用主詞加上was/were再加上動詞加ing。S + was/were + V-ing

I had a wonderful dream last night. I was sitting in a park. The sun was shining, and the birds were singing. Children were playing and laughing. It was very peaceful. I didn’t want to wake up.

我做天晚上做了個美夢。我在公園坐著。太陽閃耀地照著，鳥兒在唱歌。小孩們說說笑笑。非常的寧靜。我一點都不想醒來。

這裡是把過去簡單式跟過去進行式合併使用。描述活動故事背景的時候常用過去進行式，用過去進行式來表示過去某個時間點發生的事，或持續的動作。時態常會像這樣混合使用喔，先前有學生問說問什麼不全部用過去簡單式，恩，說故事的時候強調的東西不一樣，這裡比較有背景跟主題，強調當時的狀況，所以後面不想起來。有時候真的也很難解釋的清楚，多做題目，多看多聽多運用就會比較有概念。

1 句型Forms：主詞＋Be動詞的過去式(was/were)＋動詞-ing (S + Be2 + V-ing)

A: What were you doing at six o’clock last night?

B: I was watching TV. I wasn’t studying. My parents were watching

TV with me.

2 使用時機Use:

a 過去進行式用在表達過去某個時間持續進行的動作。強調動作的過程。

I was eating lunch at 12.30.

I was eating lunch while he was reading.

multi-tasking

b 描述過去發生的事情，當一個持續進行的動作被另一個短暫的動作打斷，持

續進行的動作用過去進行式，短暫打斷動作的用過去簡單式。

I was crossing the street when the driver honked his horn.

c 過去進行式常用來講一個故事中的背景

The sun was shining.

所以說故事的時候，故事的背景會用過去進行式，描述內容的時候會用過去

簡單式。

C 過去完成式Past Perfect：

描述過去的兩件事情中先發生的第一件事，或是用來說過去某個時間點前發生的事。完成式都是用來表示一件事情發生在另外一件事情之前，所以假如只有單純的描述過去發生的某件事就只要用過去簡單式就可以，這時候不需要用過去完成式。也就是說當描述過去發生了兩件事時，先發生的事會用過去完成式，後發生的會用過去簡單式來表達。

我昨天搭火車上班的時候覺得很累因為莎拉跟我前一個晚上去了一個派對。我們到一點鐘才上床睡覺。我上火車沒多久就嚇到。我突然發現我把錢包忘在家裡。然後我開始懷疑。我是前一天忘在辦公室了嗎？我就是記不起來。我很想回床上睡覺。我覺得糟透了。

1 句型Forms：主詞＋had＋過去分詞 (S + had + V3)

When they turned on the TV, the game had finished.

(比賽在打開電視前就開始了)

They hadn’t gone home until late.

Where had he put his wallet?

2 使用時機Use:

a 過去完成式用來表達跟過去另外一個事件間的關係。用來表達某件事情發生在

過去某個時間點前。

By 1933 Oprah Winfrey had become famous.

By November 9th Donald Trump had won the election.

b 描述過去的兩件事情，先發生的用過去完成式，後發生的用過去簡單式。

By the time I got there, the flight had left.

c 當兩件事情間的關係很清楚的時候，比方說用before, after, as soon as連接

句子時，可以兩件事情都用過去簡單式。

The man had arrived at the store before it opened.

The man arrived at the store before it opened.

特別注意句子的時態往往會影響到句子的意思。留意下面幾個句子的不同

1 When John arrived, they had diner.

1 2

當約翰抵達後，他們吃晚餐。

(First John arrived. Then they had dinner.)

約翰先抵達，然後他們再吃晚餐。

2 When John arrived, they were having dinner.

當約翰抵達時，他們正在吃晚餐。

(When John arrived, they were in the middle of dinner.)

3 When John arrived, they had had/had eaten dinner.

2 1

當約翰抵達時，他們已經吃完晚餐。

(They had dinner before John arrived.)

在約翰抵達前，他們已經吃完晚餐。

4 When I switched the TV on, the program started. I was just in time.

1 2

當我打開電視，節目開始演出。我剛好來得及。(我先開電視，節目才開始)

5 When I switched the TV on, the program had started. I missed the beginning.

2 1

當我打開電視，節目已經開始。我錯過開頭。(節目先開始，我才開電視)

When I turned on the TV, the singer was singing.

D 翻譯練習：用過去簡單式，過去進行式，過去完成式來翻譯下面的句子。

(翻譯其實會有很多不同的答案，但是主要時態跟句型要對)

這邊先放問題，可以練習的，下面接著是在影片中講解的，最後最下面是可以直接對答案的

1 我在收銀機櫃台(checkout)等待時，我注意到一個長的很奇怪

2 我很高興昨天再次見到Rachel。我很久沒見到她了。

3 當你昨天打電話來的時候我正在睡覺。

4 當演唱會結束後，公園看起來糟透了。大家到處亂丟垃圾(leave litter)。

5 這帳單不對。他們犯了個錯誤。

6 比賽結束。United贏了。

7 當我在等公車的時候，你開車從我前過經過(drive past me)。

8 那個人看起來很面熟。我在哪裡看過他。

9 當Laura坐在公園的時候，突然開始下雨。

10 我突然發現我忘了帶護照。

練習題 E 合併句子。粗體字用過去進行式或過去完成式

E Combine the two sentences. Use the verb in bold in the past continuous or past perfect.

把粗體字的動詞改為過去進行式或過去完成式，把兩個句子結合成一個句子。

Sarah took a nap from 3:00 to 5:00. Peter picked up the tickets at 4:00.

Peter picked up the tickets when Sarah was taking a nap.

1 They watched TV from 7:00 to 9:00. I arrived at 7:30.

When I arrived, they ____________ TV.

2 He left the office at 7:00. She called him at 8:00.

When she called him, he ____________ the office.

3 I studied for the test the night before. The test didn’t go well.

The test didn’t go well although I ____________ the night before.

4 He drove to work this morning. In the middle of his trip, he had an

accident.

When he _____________ to work this morning, he had an accident.

5 He only had five lessons. He passed his driving test.

When he passed his driving test, he ____________ (only) five lessons.

練習題 F：把括號裡面的動詞用正確的時態完成句子。

F Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the

parentheses. Use the simple past (e.g., I went), past continuous (e.g., I

was going), or past perfect (e.g., I had gone).

1 I _________ (wait) to play tennis yesterday when my partner ________ (call) me to say that he couldn’t come because his car ___________ (break down).

2 Chicago _________ (beat) Boston yesterday. Boston _________ (win) 44-39 in the first half but Chicago _________ (score) 46 points in the second half to Boston’s 39.

3 We were late. When we ___________ (arrive) everyone ______________ (finish) their lunch and they _______________ (sit) in the living room having coffee.

4 I _________ (run) to the station but the six o’clock train _____________ (already/leave). The train station ________ (be) empty except for three people who _____________ (wait) for the next train.

5 It __________ (start) raining when he _____________ (walk) to work. He _________ (stop) a taxi because he ____________ (not wear) a coat and he ______________ (not have) an umbrella.

6 They _____________ (drive) to the airport when they suddenly ___________ (remember) that they _____________ (not turn off) the lights.

7 I _____________ (not recognize) many people at my old school reunion because everyone ________________ (change) a lot in 20 years.

8 The game _______________ (already/start) when we __________ (turn on) the TV. Costa Rica ____________ (lose) 1:0 and they ___________ (play) very badly.

影片講解，跟題目一起的答案，最後面有只有答案的部分

翻譯練習影片的解說答案

1 我在收銀機櫃台(checkout)等待時，我注意到一個長的很奇怪

(strange-looking)的男人。

I was waiting at the checkout when I noticed a strange-looking man.

While I was waiting at the checkout, I noticed a strange-looking man.

2 我很高興昨天再次見到Rachel。我很久沒見到她了。

I was really pleased to see Rachel again. I had seen her for a long time.

3 當你昨天打電話來的時候我正在睡覺。

I was sleeping when you called last night.

4 當演唱會結束後，公園看起來糟透了。大家到處亂丟垃圾(leave litter)。

After the concert finished, the park looked awful. People had left litter everywhere.

5 這帳單不對。他們犯了個錯誤。

This bill isn’t right. They made a mistake.

The bill wasn’t right. They had made a mistake.

6 比賽結束。United贏了。

The match was over. United had won.

7 當我在等公車的時候，你開車從我前過經過(drive past me)。

When I was waiting for the bus, you drove past me.

8 那個人看起來很面熟。我在哪裡看過他。

The man looked familiar. I had seen him somewhere before.

9 當Laura坐在公園的時候，突然開始下雨。

When Laura was sitting in the park, it suddenly began to rain.

10 我突然發現我忘了帶護照。

I suddenly realized that I had forgotten my passport.

練習題 E 答案

1 They watched TV from 7:00 to 9:00. I arrived at 7:30.

When I arrived, they ____________ TV.

When I arrived, they were watching TV.

2 He left the office at 7:00. She called him at 8:00.

When she called him, he ____________ the office.

When she called him, he had left the office.

3 I studied for the test the night before. The test didn’t go well.

The test didn’t go well although I ____________ the night before.

The test didn’t go well although I had studied for the test the night

before.

4 He drove to work this morning. In the middle of his trip, he had an

accident.

When he _____________ to work this morning, he had an accident.

When he was driving to work this morning, he had an accident.

5 He only had five lessons. He passed his driving test.

When he passed his driving test, he ____________ (only) five lessons.

When he passed his driving test, he only had had five lessons.

練習題 F 答案

1 I _________ (wait) to play tennis yesterday when my partner ________ (call) me to say that he couldn’t come because his car ___________ (break down).

I was waiting to play tennis yesterday when my partner called me to say that he couldn’t come because his car had broken down.

2 Chicago _________ (beat) Boston yesterday. Boston _________ (win) 44-39 in the first half but Chicago _________ (score) 46 points in the second half to Boston’s 39.

Chicago beat Boston yesterday. Boston was winning 44-39 in the first half, but Chicago scored 46 points in the second half to Boston’s 39.

3 We were late. When we ___________ (arrive) everyone ______________ (finish) their lunch and they _______________ (sit) in the living room having coffee.

We were late. When we arrived, everyone had finished their lunch and they were sitting in the living room having coffee.

I ran to the station, but the six o’clock train had already left. The train station was empty except for three people who were waiting for the next train.

5 It __________ (start) raining when he _____________ (walk) to work. He _________ (stop) a taxi because he ____________ (not wear) a coat and he ______________ (not have) an umbrella.

It started raining when he was walking to work. He stopped a taxi because he wasn’t wearing a coat and he didn’t have an umbrella.

6 They _____________ (drive) to the airport when they suddenly ___________ (remember) that they _____________ (not turn off) the lights.

They were driving to the airport when they suddenly remembered that hadn’t turned off the lights.

7 I _____________ (not recognize) many people at my old school reunion because everyone ________________ (change) a lot in 20 years.

I didn’t recognize many people at my old school reunion because everyone had changed a lot in 20 years.

8 The game _______________ (already/start) when we __________ (turn on) the TV. Costa Rica ____________ (lose) 1:0 and they ___________ (play) very badly.

The game had already started when we turned on the TV. Costa Rica was losing 1:0 and they were playing very badly.

沒有題目，只有答案的在下面。可以一個大題一個大題的做。做完一大題對答案，確定懂後再往下做。

D 翻譯

1 I was waiting at the checkout when I noticed a strange-looking man.

2 I was really pleased to see Rachel again yesterday. I hadn’t seen her for ages.

3 I was sleeping when you called last night.

4 After the concert finished, the park looked awful. People had left litter everywhere.

5 This bill isn’t right. They made a mistake.

6 The match was over. United had won.

7 You drove right past me when I was waiting for the bus.

8 The man looked familiar. I had seen him somewhere before.

9 When Laura was sitting in the garden, it suddenly began to rain.

10 I suddenly realized that I had forgotten my passport.

E 練習題

1 were watching

2 had left

3 had studied

4 was driving

5 had only had

F 練習題

1 was waiting, called, had broken down

2 beat, was winning, scored

3 arrived, had finished, were sitting

4 ran, had already left, was, were waiting

5 started, was walking, stopped, wasn’t wearing, didn’t have

6 were driving, remembered, hadn’t turned off

7 didn’t recognize, had changed

8 had already started, turned on, was losing, were playing

潔西家英文基礎教室第四課 Part A 過去簡單式複習與題目練習

Posted on 4 十月 2016 by jessie

這是潔西上課的時候用來練習的題目。大家也可以自己有空的時候練習一下。把問題記起來，問問自己或朋友，看他們能夠回答得出來嗎？時態有沒有過去。大部分的人都會把過去簡單式的動詞忘掉，用現在簡單式的動詞回來，隨時提醒自己就會習慣了，另外 did, didn’t 後面要用原形動詞別問了。

另外這邊在幫助大家練習問接續問題，回答很容易，但是有時候問問題反而是最難的，只是 what word 有時候會不知道你要問的是過去現在還是未來。

又潔西頭還在痛，不過睡不著，所以躺在床上錄影片，有錯誤的地方還贏提出糾正。感激不盡:)

A Warm-up Questions

1 How was your week?

It was great! / It was fine. / It was Okay. / It was terrible.

2 Did you do anything special?

Yes, I went to an opera. It was awesome!

Not really. I was busy with work.

3 Did you get up early this morning?

Yes, I did. I got up at 7.30.

No, I didn’t. I slept until 11.00.

4 Did you go to bed late last night?

Yes, I went to bed at 2.00.

No, I went to bed before midnight.

5 Did you eat breakfast this morning?

Yes, I had an omelette.

No, I didn’t eat anything.

6 Did you drink coffee today?

Yes, I drank two cups of coffee.

No, I drank milk tea.

H Last weekend

Did you go out last weekend? Yes, I did. I went to Beitou Park.

No, I didn’t. I just stayed home.

1 Did you read any books last weekend? Yes, I read a book.

2 Did you write any emails last weekend? Yes, I wrote a few emails.

3 Did you work around the house last weekend? Yes, I worked around the house.

4 Did you play any sports last weekend? Yes, I played basketball.

5 Did you go shopping last weekend? Yes, I went shopping in Neihu.

6 Did you buy any clothes last weekend? Yes, I bought some clothes.

7 Did you see any friends last weekend? Yes, I saw a few friends.

8 Did you go to t a restaurant last weekend?

Yes, I went to a Japanese restaurant.

9 Did you go dancing last weekend? Yes, I went dancing.

10 Did you meet any interesting people last weekend?

Yes, I met some interesting people.

11 Did you talk on the phone last weekend? Yes, I talked on the phone.

12 Did you sleep late last weekend? Yes, I slept late until noon.

13 Did you study last weekend? Yes, I studied English.

14 Did you see any movies last weekend? Yes, I saw a movie.

15 Did you use the Internet last weekend? Yes, I used the Internet.

16 Did you listen to music last weekend? Yes, I listened to music.

解說

A Warm-up Questions

1 How was your week?

It was great! / It was fine. / It was Okay. / It was terrible.

How are you? I’m fine.

How was your week? How was your weekend? How was school? How was work?

How was your vacation?

It was great. /good. / not bad.

2 Did you do anything special?

a big apple , Anything else?

Did you eat anything delicious?

Yes, I went to an opera. It was awesome! It was terrible.

Not really. I was busy with work.

I was with my studies. / I was busy with housework.

3 Did you get up early this morning?

Yes, I did. I got up at 7.30.

No, I didn’t. I slept until 11.00. a.m. /in the morning

I like to sleep in on weekends. sleep in / sleep late

4 Did you go to bed late last night?

Yes, I went to bed at 2.00. a.m. / in the morning

Yes, I stayed up late. / Yes, I stayed up all night.

No, I went to bed before midnight. = 12 a.m. noon=midday = 12 p.m.

5 Did you eat breakfast this morning?

Yes, I had an omelette. soybean milk, steamed meat bun, egg pancake, rice ball

No, I didn’t eat anything. Because I wasn’t hungry. / Because I was in a hurry.

Because I overslept.

6 Did you drink coffee today?

Yes, I drank two cups of coffee.

No, I drank milk tea. / pearl milk tea / bubble tea

H Last weekend

What did you eat for breakfast this morning ?

I had a sandwich and coffee.

I ate a sandwich and coffee. (X)

I ate a sandwich and drank coffee. (O)

follow-up questions

Wh + did + S + V1 +…?

Who did you eat breakfast with?

Where did you eat breakfast?

What time did you eat breakast?

Did you go out last weekend? Yes, I did. I went to Beitou Park.

No, I didn’t. I just stayed home.

1 Did you read any books last weekend? Yes, I read a book.

No, I didn’t read a book.

When did you last read a book? It was a long long time. I don’t remember.

What did you do last weekend?

What kind of books did you read? Which book did you read?

2 Did you write any emails last weekend? Yes, I wrote a few emails.

I sent a few instant messages. facebook, Line, text message

What did you talk about? We talked about jobs, family, and movies.

3 Did you work around the house last weekend? Yes, I worked around the house.

do housework, fix the sink

4 Did you play any sports last weekend? Yes, I played basketball.

Who did you play with? How long did you play? Where did you play?

5 Did you go shopping last weekend? Yes, I went shopping in Neihu.

What did you buy? I bought some cosmetics.

How much did you spend? I spend NT$5,000.

6 Did you buy any clothes last weekend? Yes, I bought some clothes.

No, I didn’t buy any clothes. I’m waiting for the anniversary sale.

7 Did you see any friends last weekend? Yes, I saw a few friends.

What did you do when you get together?

8 Did you go to a restaurant last weekend?

Yes, I went to a Japanese restaurant.

How was the food? the atmosphere, service,

9 Did you go dancing last weekend? Yes, I went dancing.

Where did you go dancing?

10 Did you meet any interesting people last weekend?

Yes, I met some interesting people.

11 Did you talk on the phone last weekend? Yes, I talked on the phone.

Who did you talk to? What did you talk about?

12 Did you sleep late last weekend? Yes, I slept late until noon.

13 Did you study last weekend? Yes, I studied English.

14 Did you see any movies last weekend? Yes, I saw a movie.

Which movie did you see?

watch TV, see TV(X)

watch a movie, see a movie, watch a concert, see a concert

Look at me! read a book / a magazine / a comic book study English

watch an animation

15 Did you use the Internet last weekend? Yes, I used the Internet.

How long did you spend on the Internet? I spent three hours.

Which websites did you visit?

What’s your favourite websites?

16 Did you listen to music last weekend? Yes, I listened to music.

What kind of music did you listen to?

What kind of music do you listen to?

I listened to K-pop.

Cold: I have a cold.

Fle/Influenza: I have a flu.

Symptoms

I have a fever.

I have a cough.

I have a sore throat.

I have a stuffy nose or runny nose.

I have muscle or body aches.

I have a headache/migraine.

fatigue/tiredness

I have a stomachache

I feel nauseous.

潔西家基礎英文教室第三課過去簡單式

Posted on 28 九月 2016 by jessie

回應

基礎課程上課用的過去簡單式講義

Last weekend

weekend activities

1 stay home

2 shop for clothes

3 go to the movies

4 play basketball

5 do yoga

6 listen to music

7 watch TV

8 eat a big dinner

9 chat with friends online

10 visit relatives

What do you usually do on weekends?

I usually stop for clothes, go to the movies, and eat a big dinner.

S + V1

What did you do last weekend?

I did yoga, listened to music, and chatted with friends online.

S + V2

F Simple Past 過去簡單式

英文有十二個時態。在學每一個時態時要記住四點：使用時機、句型、動詞變化以及搭配的副詞。最重要是理解跟多做練習，才能靈活運用、得心應手

一、過去簡單式的使用時機

1. 英文用過去簡單式用來表達發生在過去的事件。

I went home late last night.

He got up early this morning.

2. 過去簡單式也用來表達在過去重複進行的活動、習慣。

We lived in America for five years when I was a child.

My grandmother went to church every Sunday morning.

二、過去簡單式的句型

（一）過去簡單式一般動詞的句型為S ＋ V2(V2指的是動詞的過去式)

肯定句 S ＋ V2

I ate a big dinner last night.

Tina got married when she was 18.

否定與問句需要用did這個助動詞來幫忙。否定句在助動詞後面加not

否定句 s S ＋ did not + V1

They didn’t do their homework.

He didn’t sing at the KTV last weekend.

Yes/No questions Yes/No 問句把助動詞did放在主詞前面造問句

Did ＋ S ＋ V1

Did you sleep well last night?

Did Tom have a good time?

WH questions WH問句則將疑問詞放在最前面再依序放助動詞、主詞、動詞

WH did ＋ S ＋ V1

What time did you get up this morning?

Where did Linda go last weekend?

三、過去簡單式的副詞如：this morning, last night, yesterday morning, five years ago, in 2005…等。

時間說法：下面這些用法前面都不要加介系詞 at, on, in

yesterday 昨天 today今天 tomorrow明天

yesterday morning 昨天早上 this morning 今天早上 tomorrow morning 明天早上

yesterday afternoon 昨天下午 this afternoon 今天下午 tomorrow afternoon 明天下午

yesterday evening 昨天傍晚 this evening 今天傍晚 tomorrow evening 明天傍晚

last night 昨天晚上 tonight 今天晚上 tomorrow night 明天晚上

last Friday上週五 this Friday這星期五 next Friday下星期五

last week上星期 this week這星期 next week下星期

last January去年一月 this January今年一月 next January明年一月

last month上個月 this month這個月 next month下個月

last year去年 this year今年 next year明年

四、過去簡單式規則動詞過去式的拼字與發音變化的規則

A. 規則動詞的過去式拼字變化如下：

1. 大多數的動詞在過去式時只要在字尾加ed。

work-worked, help-helped, call-called, wash-washed

2. 動詞字尾已經有e時，只要加d即可。

live-lived, die-died, dance-danced, smile-smiled

3. 動詞字尾為子音加y時，必須去y加ied。

study-studied, cry-cried, worry-worried, copy-copied.

4. 動詞字尾為母音加y時，則只要加ed即可。

play-played, stay-stayed, enjoy-enjoyed, annoy-annoyed,

5. 只有一個音節的動詞字尾發音為短母音加子音時，重複字尾再加ed。

shop-shopped, plan-planned, tap-tapped, hop-hopped

C+V+C

B. 規則動詞的過去式發音的變化如下：

1. 動詞字尾是無聲子音時，加ed後讀/ t /。無聲子音指的是除了/ t /之外的

/ k /, / f /, / s /, /ʃ /, / tʃ / 等。

cook-cooked, laugh-laughed, kiss-kissed, wash-washed, watch-watched

2. 動詞字尾是有聲子音或母音時，加ed後讀/d/。有聲子音指的是除了/ d /之外的

/ b /, /g /, / r /, / l /, / m /, / n /, / v / 等。

call-called, rain-rained, love-loved, play-played, try-tried

3. 動詞字尾的發音是/ t /, / d /的發音時，加ed後讀 /ɪd /。

want-wanted, need-needed, visit-visited, wait-waited

無聲子音(voiceless consonants)：/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, / tʃ/, / θ /, /h/,

有聲子音(voiced consonants)：/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, / ʒ /, / dʒ /, / ð/, /l/, /m/, /n/,

/r/, /w/, /j/, / ŋ/

母音：/ æ /, / ɛ /, / ɪ /, / a /, / ʌ /, / e /, / i /, / aɪ/, / o /, / u /, / ʊ /, / ɔ /,

/ɔɪ/, / aʊ /, / ɝ /, / ɚ/, /ə /

Regular Verbs 規則動詞

1. clean 打掃 2. cook 做菜 3. exercise 運動 4. invite 邀請 5. listen 聽

6. need 需要 7. relax 放鬆 8. shop 購物 9. study 用功 10. talk 說話

11. visit 拜訪 12. wait 等待 13. walk 走路 14. watch 看 15. work 工作

/t/ 2 cooked 7 relaxed 8 shopped 10 talked 13 walked 14 watched 15 worked

/d/ 1 cleaned 3 exercised 5 listened 9 studied

/ɪd / 4 invited 6 needed 11 visited 12 waited

Irregular Verbs 不規則動詞

1. buy 買 – bought 2. come 來 – came 3. do 做 -did 4. eat 吃 -ate 5. feel 感覺 -felt

6. get 拿 – got 7. go 去 -went 8. have 有 – had 9. meet 碰面 -met 10. read 讀 – read

11. ride 騎 -rode 12. see 看 -saw 13. sit 坐 – sat 14. take 搭 -took 15. wear 穿 – wore

16. drink喝 – drank

H Yesterday

1 What time did you get up? I got up at 7.30.

2 What time did you go to work/school? I went to work/school at 8.30.

3 How did you go to work/school? I rode a scooter.

4 What did you have for breakfast?

I had a sandwich and coffee. / I ate a sandwich and coffee. (X)

5 Where did you eat lunch? I ate lunch in the office. restaurant, cafeteria

6 What did you drink? I drank coffee, tea, water and beer.

7 How much did you spend? I spent $500.

8 Who did you talk to? I talked to my parents, my coworkers, and my friends.

9 What did you do in the evening? I went to the gym.

10 What time did you go to bed last night? I went to bed at 1 a.m.

12.00 am = midnight

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式

Posted on 24 六月 2013 by jessie

時態真的是不容易，潔西真的覺得文法是很難說得清楚的東西。不是先有文法才有語言，文法是把我們所說的話，所寫的東西的大規則整理出來，死背是學不好的。對於時態真的是一定要先理解，知道什麼時候用，記他的句型，多閱讀多觀察多看多聽母語使用者怎麼樣用，多做練習題，然後用出來，才算真正學到。

潔西把時態盡量說明清楚，被質疑為什麼要講義跟課本跳著上，但是老實說，潔西真的覺得自己整理得比課本還清楚。或許是自己自以為是，但是呢就盡力了，希望對同學有點幫助。多做練習，才比較可以理解。這是配合Azar中級課本的第二第三章，有買這本書的也可以配合著做練習。加油囉:)

歡迎同學自行私下下載練習使用，但請勿任意轉載或公開使用，潔西寫講義花了很多時間精力跟心血。雖然校對技巧很差，雖然裡面也可能有錯誤，呵呵，還是要尊重一下原作者喔，謝謝:) 又摘要使用的書或版權屬原公司所有。摘自Azar的Fundamentals of English Grammar，Longman的Grammar Express，Oxford的Oxford Practice Grammar，另外還有Cambridge的English Grammar in Use等書。

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.1

jessielinhuiching.wordpress.com / 潔西家

A. 過去簡單式Simple Past

英文有十二個時態。在學每一個時態時要記住四點：使用時機、句型、動詞變化以及搭配的副詞。最重要是理解跟多做練習，才能靈活運用、得心應手。

一、過去簡單式的使用時機

1. 英文用過去簡單式用來表達發生在過去的事件。

I went home late last night.

He had a great time at his birthday party.

2. 過去簡單式也用來表達在過去重複進行的活動、習慣。

We lived in America for five years when I was a child.

My grandmother went to church every Sunday morning.

二、過去簡單式的句型

（一）過去簡單式一般動詞的句型為S ＋ V2(V2指的是動詞的過去式)

1. 肯定句 S ＋ V2

I ate a big dinner last night.

Tina got married when she was 18.

2. 否定與問句需要用did這個助動詞來幫忙。

否定句在助動詞後面加not, 記得助動詞後動詞要改回原型動詞。

否定句 S ＋ did not + V1

They didn’t do their homework.

He didn’t sing at the KTV last weekend.

3. Yes/No問句把助動詞did放在主詞前面造問句，助動詞後的動詞用原型動詞。

Did ＋ S ＋ V1

Did you sleep well last night?

Did Tom have a good time?

4. WH問句則將疑問詞放在最前面再依序放助動詞、主詞、原型動詞。

因為what 跟who 可以當主詞，當主詞時則不須助動詞，動詞用過去式。

WH did ＋ S ＋ V1

What time did you get up this morning?

Where did Linda go last weekend?

Who did you go shopping with?

Who/What + V2

Who took my umbrella?

What happened last night?

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.2

二、過去簡單式的句型

（二）、過去簡單式Be動詞的句型為

主詞＋過去式Be動詞＋名詞/形容詞/介係詞片語

S ＋ was/were ＋noun/ adjective /preposition phrase

肯定句 S ＋ was/were ＋noun/ adjective /preposition phrase

I was a housewife.

You were happy earlier.

My father was at home this morning.

否定與問句用本身的be動詞來改否定與造問句。

否定句只要在Be動詞後面加not

否定句 S ＋ was/were ＋ not + noun/ adjective / preposition phrase

I was not a teacher last year.

You were not sad this morning.

My father was not at work yesterday.

Yes/No 問句把Be動詞放在主詞前面造問句

Was/Were ＋ S ＋ noun/ adjective / preposition phrase

Was I loud earlier?

Were you in the office this morning?

Was your mother away last week?

WH問句則將WH疑問詞放在最前面再依序放Be動詞、主詞與其他部分

WH word＋ was/were ＋ S ＋ noun/ adjective / preposition phrase

When were you born?

Where were you last night?

How was your day?

切記在過去簡單式中，一般動詞與Be動詞絕對不會同時出現。

三、過去簡單式的副詞如：this morning, this afternoon, this evening, tonight, yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, last night, this Monday, last weekend, this January, last April, yesterday, the day before yesterday, three days ago, five years ago, in 2005…等。

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.3

四、過去簡單式規則動詞過去式的拼字與發音變化的規則

規則動詞的過去式拼字變化如下：

1. 大多數的動詞在過去式時只要在字尾加ed。

work-worked, help-helped, call-called, wash-washed

2. 動詞字尾已經有e時，只要加d即可。

live-lived, die-died, dance-danced, smile-smiled

3. 動詞字尾為子音加y時，必須去y加ied。

study-studied, cry-cried, worry-worried, copy-copied.

4. 只有一個音節的動詞字尾發音為短母音加子音時，重複字尾再加ed。

shop-shopped, plan-planned, tap-tapped, hop-hopped

5. 兩個音節以上且重音在最後一個音節的動詞，字尾發音為短母音加子音時，也需重複字尾加ed。

admit-admitted, prefer-preferred, omit-omitted, occur-occurred

規則動詞的過去式發音的變化如下：

1. 動詞字尾是無聲子音時，加ed後讀/ t /。無聲子音指的是除了/ t /之外的

/ k /, / f /, / s /, / ʃ/, / tʃ/, /θ / 等。

cook-cooked, laugh-laughed, kiss-kissed, wash-washed, watch-watched

2. 動詞字尾是有聲子音或母音時，加ed後讀/d/。有聲子音指的是除了/ d /之外的/ b /, / g /, / r /, / l /, / m /, / n /, / v / 等。

call-called, rain-rained, love-loved, play-played, try-tried

3. 動詞字尾的發音是/ t /, / d /的發音時，加ed後讀/ɪd /。

want-wanted, need-needed, visit-visited, wait-waited

無聲子音(voiceless consonants)：/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, / tʃ/, / θ /, /h/,

有聲子音(voiced consonants)：/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, / ʒ /, / dʒ /, / ð/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /w/, /j/, / ŋ/

母音：/ æ /, / ɛ /, / ɪ /, / a /, / ʌ /, / e /, / i /, / aɪ/, / o /, / u /, / ʊ /, / ɔ /, / ɔɪ/,

/ aʊ /, / ɝ /, / ɚ/, /ə /

把下列動詞改成過去式，並放入正確的字尾ed發音的欄位。

1. clean 打掃 2. cook 做菜 3. want想要 4. invite 邀請 5. listen 聽

6. need 需要 7. relax 放鬆 8. shop 購物 9. study 用功 10. talk 說話

11. visit 拜訪 12. wait 等待 13. play玩 14. watch 看 15. cry 哭泣

/t/
/d/
/ɪd/

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.4

五、動詞的變化: 所有的動詞都有四種主要的變化four principal parts

1. 動詞原形V1，如work, eat。(the present)

a. 原形是動詞的第一個形態，在字典中查到的基本形，不加ed或ing或s。

b. 原形主要用在現在簡式，但是現在簡單式第三人稱單數的現在簡單式要加

s，如works, eats。

c. 另外在不定詞to，助動詞如can, may, will後面也加原形。

I work from 9 to 5. / She works from 9 to 5.

I eat a sandwich for breakfast. / She eats a sandwich for breakfast.

I want to work at Google. / She wants to work at Google.

I can swim. / She can swim.

2. 過去式動詞V2，如worked, ate。(the past)

a. 過去式是動詞的第二個形態。動詞可分規則動詞與不規則動詞，規則動詞

加ed，如worker, cooked，不規則則需牢記，如ate, drank。

b. 過去式動詞只用在過去簡單式。

I worked late last night. / She worked late last night.

I ate a sandwich this morning. / She ate a sandwich this morning.

3. 過去分詞V3，如worked, eaten。(the past participle)

過去分詞是動詞的第三個形態。跟過去式一樣分規則變化與不規則變化兩種。規則變化則加ed，如worked, cooked。不規則則須牢記，如eaten, drunk。
過去分詞用在完成式與被動語態。
過去分詞動詞也可以當形容詞用。

I have worked for IBM for 5 years. / She has worked for IBM for 5 years.

I have eaten Greek food. / She has never eaten Thai food.

Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare.

She is excited about the wedding.

4. 現在分詞V-ing，如working, eating。(the present participle)

1. 現在分詞是在動詞的原形後面加ing，如working, eating。

2. 現在分詞用在進行式。

3. 現在分詞可以當做名詞跟形容詞用。

I am working now. / She is working now.

I was working while she was watching TV.

My hobbies are cooking and swimming.

I’m so happy to hear this exciting news.

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.5

原型V1

過去式V2

過去分詞V3

現在分詞V-ing

1. be 是2. buy 買

3. come 來

4. do 做

5. drink 喝

6. drive 開車

7. eat 吃

8. find 找

9. fly 飛

10. forget忘記

11. get 拿

12. give 給

13. go 去

14. have 有

15. know 知道

16. leave 離開

17. lose 輸，遺失

18. make 做

19. meet 碰面

20. quit戒，辭職

21. read 閱讀

22. ride 騎

23. run 跑

24. see 看

25. sell 賣

26. sing 唱歌

27. sit 坐

28. sleep 睡

29. speak 說

30. spend 花費

31. swim 游泳

32. take 拿

33. think 想

34. wear 穿

35. win 贏

36. write 寫

was/werebought

came

did

drank

drove

ate

found

flew

forgot

got

gave

went

had

knew

left

lost

made

met

quit

read

rode

ran

saw

sold

sang

sat

slept

spoke

spent

swam

took

thought

wore

won

wrote

beenbought

come

done

drunk

driven

eaten

found

flown

forgotten

gotten

given

gone

had

known

left

lost

made

met

quit

read

ridden

run

seen

sold

sung

sat

slept

spoken

spent

swum

taken

thought

worn

won

written

beingbuying

coming

doing

drinking

driving

eating

finding

flying

forgetting

getting

giving

going

having

knowing

leaving

losing

making

meeting

quitting

reading

riding

running

seeing

selling

singing

sitting

sleeping

speaking

spending

swimming

taking

thinking

wearing

winning

writing

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.6

B. Yesterday

1. Did you get up early yesterday?

Yes, I did. I got up early. / No, I didn’t. I didn’t get up early.

2. What time did you get up yesterday? I got up at 7.30.

3. What did you eat for breakfast? I ate a sandwich.

4. How did you go to work/school? I rode a motorcycle.

5. What time did you start work? I started work at 9.00.

6. Where did you have lunch? I had lunch in a noodle shop.

7. Did you drink coffee yesterday?

Yes, I did. I drank two cups of coffee. / No, I didn’t. I didn’t drink coffee.

8. How much money did you spend? I spent NT$1,000.

9. What time did you finish work? I finished work at 6 P.M.

10. What did you do after work?

I went home, took a shower, watched TV, and then I surfed the Net.

11. What time did you go to bed? I went to bed at 1 A.M.

12. Did you have a good day yesterday?

Yes, I did. I had a great day. / No, I didn’t. I had a bad day.

C. Vacation

Where did you go? I went to Japan.
When did you go there? I went there last May.
Who did you go with? I went there by myself.
How did you travel? I took a plane there. In Tokyo, I took the subway.
Where did you stay? I stayed in a hostel.
How was the hostel? It was not big, but it’s very clean.
How long were you stay there for? I was in Tokyo for five days.
How was the weather? It was cold and rainy most of the time.
What did you buy? I bought some chocolate and souvenirs. 紀念品.
Where did you visit? I visited some museums, temples and shopping malls.
What did you eat? I ate some sushi and noodles.
How was the food? It was delicious.
What did you do in the evening? I went to the pubs and clubs in the evening.
How were the people? They were very friendly and hospitable. 好客的
What did you enjoy the most? The streets were very clean and the air was fresh.
What didn’t you like? Everything was so expensive! I was broke!

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.7

D. 過去時間說法：下面這些用法前面都不要家介系詞at, on, in

yesterday昨天	today今天	tomorrow明天
yesterday morning昨天早上	this morning今天早上	tomorrow morning明天早上
yesterday afternoon昨天下午	this afternoon今天下午	tomorrow afternoon明天下午
yesterday evening昨天傍晚	this evening今天傍晚	tomorrow evening明天傍晚
last night昨天晚上	tonight今天晚上	tomorrow night明天晚上
last Friday上週五	this Friday這星期五	next Friday下星期五
last week上星期	this week這星期	next week下星期
last January去年一月	this January今年一月	next January明年一月
last month上個月	this month這個月	next month下個月
last year去年	this year今年	next year明年

a few minutes ago幾分鐘前, three hours ago三個小時前, two days ago兩天前, four months ago四個月前, five years ago五年前, at 8.30在八點半, on Monday在星期一, in February在二月, in 1989在一九八九年

E. 翻譯練習

1. 我昨天八點起床。

2. 他昨天早上沒有喝咖啡。

3. 她上週末有看電影嗎？

4. 你昨天晚上做了什麼？

5. 誰拿了我的手機？

6. 昨天很熱又悶濕(humid)。

7. 我昨天晚上不在家。

8. 你今天上課有遲到嗎？

9. 你的週末過得如何？

10. 上星期有幾個學生在班上？

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.8

F. Travel Experiences (P.112 Four Corners)

1. Now I ____ here in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Yesterday, I ____ (go) on a short elephant trip. There _____ (be) a man on the elephant in front of me. His name ______ (be) Alan Johnson. My name ____ (be) Alan Johnson, too! I can’t believe we _____ (have) the same name!

2. My sister and I are in Paris, France. It’s our first trip overseas. We _____ (go) to an outdoor café the other day, and Johnny Depp _________ (be) at the next table. How exciting! He _______ (be) nice to us, and I have a cool photo now.

3. I’m here with my parents at a hotel in Miami, Florida. We _______(come) to visit our relatives. We all ______ (go) to bed last night at about midnight. At 3:00 in the morning, we __________ (hear) a fire alarm. We _______ (run) down to the street and ________ (be) fine.

G. 過去簡單式的一般動詞與be動詞

英文的句子一定要有主詞跟動詞。

過去式的句型如下

1. 肯定句：有一般動詞時用動詞的過去式V2 I came to class late.

沒有一般動詞的句子，要有Be2 (was, were) I was late for class.

2. 疑問句：有一般動詞用did造問句，動詞改為原型。Did you come to class late?

沒有一般動詞時，則用Be2(was, were)造問句。 Were you late for class?

填入下列問句中的助動詞，已經有一般動詞的用did造問句，沒有一般動詞的話用was/were造問句。

_______ you take the MRT to school today?
_______ you tired when you got up this morning?
_______ you in class last time?
_______ you work over time last week?
_______ you chat online last night.
_______ you good at math when you were a child?
_______ you eat out last night?
_______ you born in Taipei?
_______ you worried last night?
_______ you go to a wedding last month?
_______ post pictures on Facebook last week?
_______ bring more than NT$1,000 with you?
_______ you drink bubble tea yesterday?
_______ you at home this morning?

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.9

H. 過去進行式 Past Progressive

一、過去進行式使用時機

1. 過去進行式用來描述過去某時正在進行中的事情。所描述的活動或情況已經開始，而在當時仍未結束。也可以用來表達兩件事情同時在進行。

I saw you last night. You were waiting for a bus.

He was talking on his cell phone while he was driving his car.

2. 我們經常在同一句子中一起使用過去進行式與過去簡單式。過去進行式描述

過去某時正在進行的持續活動或情況；過去簡單式則描述較短暫的活動，這

短暫的活動在上述持續性的活動中出現，甚至把持續性活動打斷。

We were walking in the park when it started to rain.

但是，要描述某事件在另一事件之後發生，便需使用過去簡單式。

We stood under a tree when it started to rain.

3. 說故事時，過去進行式通常用來描述故事的背景情況，過去簡單式則用來描

述所發生的事。

I was standing outside the bus station. It was getting late and I was feeling

tired. I was waiting for a man called Johnny Mars. Suddenly, a woman came

round the corner and walked right up to me. ‘Are you Mr. Black?’ she asked.

二、過去進行式的副詞

過去進行式用來表達一個行為正在進行或在過去的一段時間內，所以很多過去的時間都可以用來表達，也常常會跟其他子句並用。

at that time, at five o’clock yesterday, at seven o’clock last night, in 2001

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.10

三、過去進行式句型：主詞＋過去式be動詞＋現在分詞(動詞-ing)

1. 肯定句 S + was/were + V-ing

I was eating lunch at 3:00.

You were smiling all the time yesterday.

He was studying when I called him.

I ate a big dinner last night.

Tina got married when she was 18.

2. 否定句：was/were本身可以當助動詞，所以只要在後面加not，可以縮寫成

wasn’t/weren’t

S + wasn’t/weren’t + V-ing

I wasn’t looking.

They weren’t listening.

She wasn’t studying.

3.Yes/No問句：was/were是助動詞，只要把was/were放到主詞前面即可

Was/Were + S + V-ing

Were you sleeping when I called?

Was he cooking?

4. WH問句：把WH疑問詞放在最前面，接著放was/were，再來放主詞，動名詞即可

WH word + was/were + S + V-ing

What was he doing at this time yesterday?

Where were you going when I saw you last night?

what跟who可以當疑問主詞，當what 跟 who當主詞的時候，都當作第三

人稱單數，所以後面的動詞接was

What was making that noise?

Who was driving at that time?

翻譯練習

昨天晚上他一邊寫作業，一邊聽音樂。
史丹利洗澡的時候門鈴響了。
你在睡覺的時候你的朋友打電話來。
意外發生的時候，他開車開得很快。
我今天一回到家就打開電腦。

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.11

I. 過去簡單式與過去進行式的比較

過去簡單式	過去進行式
It all happened very quickly. The car came straight out of the side road, and the van went into the back of it. The Van driver didn’t have a chance. It was the car driver’s fault.	I had a wonderful dream last night. I was sitting in a park. The sun was shining, and the birds were singing. Children were playing and laughing. It was very peaceful. I didn’t want to wake up.
句型：主詞＋動詞的過去式(S + V2)They got married last year. I didn’t have time to do homework. What time did you get up yesterday?	句型：主詞＋was/were＋動詞-ingA: What were you doing at six o’clock last night? B: I was watching TV.
過去簡單式用在表達過去發生的事件或動作，已經結束。強調動作的完成 I ate a hamburger for lunch. 2. 描述過去發生的事情，當一個持續進行的動作被另一個短暫的動作打斷，持續進行的動作用過去進行式，短暫打斷動作的用過去簡單式。 They were driving too fast when they crashed. 3. 過去簡單式常用來講一個故事中的動作。 We arrived at the beach.	過去進行式用在表達過去某個時間持續進行的動作。強調動作的過程。 I was eating lunch at 12.30. I was eating lunch while he was reading. 2. 描述過去發生的事情，當一個持續進行的動作被另一個短暫的動作打斷，持續進行的動作用過去進行式，短暫打斷動作的用過去簡單式。 I was crossing the street when the driver honked his horn. 3. 過去進行式常用來講一個故事中的背景。 The sun was shining.

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.12

J. 過去簡單式與過去進行式的練習，根據上下文，用( )中提示的動詞，用過去簡單式或過去進行式來完成句子

Beethoven wrote (write) nine symphonies; he was writing (write) another symphony when he died.

1. Last Saturday Tom wanted to make two salads. He _______ (make) the first one in five minutes. He _________ (make) the second one when his guests ________ (arrive), and they _______ (help) him to finish it.

2. The artist Gaudi _________ (design) several houses in Barcelona, Spain. Later he ________ (start) work on a church. He _________ (work) on the church when he _________ (die).

3. Last month a bank robber __________ (escape) while the police __________ (take) him to prison. Later they ___________ (catch) him again, and this time they __________ (lock) him up without any problem.

4. Philip’s football team were lucky last Saturday. After twenty minutes they _________ (lose), but in the end they __________ (win) the game by four goals to two.

5. John Lennon __________ (sing) and ___________ (play) on many records with the Beatles. After that he _________(record) several songs without the Beatles. He ____________ (prepare) a new record when Mark Chapman __________ (shoot) him.

6. The evening was getting darker; the street lights __________ (come) on. People ___________ (hurry) home after work. I ___________ (stand) in a queue at the bus stop. Suddenly somebody ___________ (grab) my bag.

from Oxford Practice Grammar (Basic) P.27

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.13

K. used to 過去的習慣，跟 be used to 現在習慣於…的用法與不同

a. 現在簡單式用來表達現在的狀況或習慣

My sister works as a translator.

Andrew lives in London.

Peter usually wears jeans.

mike doesn’t smoke anymore.

b. 過去簡單式用來表達過去的狀況或習慣

Henry lived in France for many years.

When I was young, I ran three miles every day.

c. used to可以用來表達過去持續一段期間的狀況或習慣，用來強調現在已經沒有這個狀況，跟現在是不同的。

Jill used to live in Ireland. (Jill doesn’t live in Ireland now.)

Many people used to make their own bread. (Nowadays people usually buy bread from a shop)

My husband used to work at home. (My husband doesn’t work at home now.)

d. 過去簡單式與used to的比較

When he was young, he ran three miles every day.

他年輕的時候，每天跑3英里。(現在可能每天跑3英里，也可能沒有跑)

When I was young, I used to run three miles every day. I don’t do that now.我年輕的時候，每天跑3英里。我現在沒有這麼做了。

e. 表達過去習慣的used to 句型

1. 肯定句 S + used to + V1(動詞原型)：過去曾經…

表示過去經常性動作或習慣或狀態，現在已經沒有這樣的習慣或狀態。

He used to play basketball five days a week before he hurt his leg.

他腳受傷前，他曾經一個星期打五天籃球。

I used to smoke a lot, but I quit a few years ago.

我從前抽煙很兇，但是我幾年前戒了。

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.14

K. used to 過去的習慣，跟 be used to 現在習慣於…的用法與不同

2. 否定句 S + didn’t use to + V1 / S + didn’t used to + V1

I didn’t use to drink coffee at breakfast, but now I always have coffee in the morning. ( I didn’t used to drink coffee.)

I never used to drink coffee at breakfast, but now I always have coffee in the morning.

我從前不在早餐的時候喝咖啡，但是我現在總是在早上喝咖啡。

(Azar文法書指出didn’t use to 跟 didn’t used to 都可以，但比較常見的是never used to)

3. 疑問句 Did + S + use to + V1? / Did + S + used to + V1?

Did you use to live in Paris? / Did you used to live in Paris?

你從前住在巴黎嗎？

Did you use to fight with your brother?

你從前常跟你的弟弟打架嗎？

f. 表達現在已經習慣於be + used to 句型

由於經驗的關係，對某件事不再感到驚訝，奇怪或困難，所以已經習慣於某件事。

1. 肯定句：S+ be used to + V-ing

I do the dishes every day, so I’m used to it.

我每天都洗盤子，所以我已經習慣了。

His new job is very busy and he is used to working late until 10 or 11 p.m.

他的新工作非常忙，他已經習慣於工作到十點，十一點。

2. 否定句：S + be + not + used to + V-ing

He isn’t used to driving on the left.

他不習慣開車開左邊。（現在還是不習慣）

He wasn’t used to driving on the left, but now he’s used to it.

他先前不習慣開左邊，但是他現在習慣了。

3. 疑問句: Be + S + used to + V-ing

Are you used to your new school?

你習慣於你的新學校了嗎？

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.15

K. used to 過去的習慣，跟 be used to 現在習慣於…的用法與不同

g. used to 跟 be used to 的不同

這兩個片語的用法很多人常常會弄混淆，先看一下下面這段文字：

I used to stay up late until 2 or 3 a.m. However, I started a new job two months ago, and now I have to get to work at 7 a.m. At first, I had a difficult time getting up early, but now I’m used to getting up early.

我以前都熬夜到凌晨兩三點。然而，在兩個月前我有了個新工作，現在我必須要七點上班。剛開始，我很難早起，但是現在我已經習慣於早起。

S + be used to + V-ing/N：表達現在習慣，某件事不是新事物，也不陌生

S + used to + V1：表達過去的習慣，從前固定做某件事，現在不做了

I’m used to the weather in Australia. 我習慣澳洲的天氣了。

I’m used to driving on the left because I have lived in Australia for a long time. 我很習慣開車開左邊，因為我住澳洲很久了

I used to drive to work every day, but these days I usually go by bike. 我曾經每天開車上班，但是最近我通常都騎腳踏車。

We used to live in a small village, but now we live in Sydney. 我們從前住在一個小村莊，但是我們現在住雪梨。

Jane is used to _____________ (drive) on the left.
He used to ________ (live) in New York, but now he lives in a small town.
Tom used to __________ (drink) a lot of coffee. Now he prefers tea.
I feel very full after that meal. I’m not used to _________ (eat) so much.
I wouldn’t like to share an office. I’m used to _________ (have) my own office.
I used to ________ (have) a car, but I sold it a few months ago.
When we were children, we used to ___________ (go) swimming every day.
There used to __________ (be) a cinema here but it was knocked down a few years ago.
I’m the boss here. I’ not used to ________ (be) told what to do.

from English Grammar in Use Unit 60 P.121

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.16

L. 表達未來

時態在英語學習中對很多人來說都是怎麼也弄不清楚的東西。因為中文多半是用時間副詞來表達。而英文最大的差別是不同的時態，動詞的變化也不一樣，有時候連時間副詞都不需要就可以表達時態。

我每天早上九點起床。I get up at 9.00 every morning. (現在簡單)

我有兩個哥哥。I have two brothers. (現在簡單)

他住在板橋。He lives in Banqiao. (現在簡單)

她昨天請假。She took a day off yesterday. (過去簡單)

我看過雪。I have seen snow. (現在完成)

我下星期要去巴黎。I’m going to Paris next week. (未來)

其中表達未來因為有各種不同的用法，所以很容易造成混淆。究竟什麼時候用什麼樣的時態呢？要說未來的事究竟要怎麼說呢？有點複雜。因為未來的事還沒有發生，如何看待未來的事件也會影響到時態的運用。是個計劃，打算這麼做，還是不確定的事情等等。

最容易弄混淆的是will 跟 be going to。下面先介紹一下大致上常見的幾種表達未來的方式。

表達未來的用法

a. 表達意圖的be going to: I’m going to spend six weeks in the U.S.

b. 表達中立未來的will: I’ll be free for most of the summer.

c. 表達計劃安排的現在進行式Present Progressive (S+ am/is/are + V-ing): I’m starting work in September.

d. 表達時間表的現在簡單式Present Simple ( S + V1): She finishes college at the same time. (a timetable時間表)

e. 表達正式安排的活動的be to: The museum is to open in summer.

f. 表達非常接近現在的未來的be about to: She is about to win the race. (ve

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.17

L. 表達未來

a. be going to 用來表達我們對於未來所事先做的計畫，或意圖。

1. 用來預測未來：I think it’s going to rain this afternoon.

2. 用來表示計劃：Tom and Mary are going to spend a year in Australia.

3. 當動詞是go時，常用現在進行式來代替：I’m going home. See you tomorrow.

4. 口語比較常用be going to。

be going to的句型：主詞＋am/is/are going to＋動詞原型

1. 肯定句：主詞＋am/is/are going to＋動詞原型

I am going to visit his friend tomorrow.

2. 否定句：主詞＋am/is/are＋not＋going to＋動詞原型

They are not going to have lunch today.

3. Yes/No問句：Am/Is/Are＋主詞＋going to＋動詞原型?

Is it going to rain?

4. WH問句：WH疑問詞＋am/is/are＋主詞＋going to＋動詞原型?

When are you going to pay the bill?

b. will

will用來表達我們所知道，我們所認為的未來，它是一個中立的字。

1. 用來預測未來：He will be late. They won’t win the game.

2. 用來表示說話當下立即的決定：I won’t have the fish. I’ll have the chicken.

3. 用來許下承諾：I’ll always love you. I won’t tell anyone.

4. 用來提供人家幫助：I’ll open the door for you. I’ll help you.

5. 用來邀請：Will you come to lunch? Yes, thank you. I’d love to.

6. 不會用來表達先前已經做好的決定或計劃：I’m going to study in the U.S. next year.

7. 在正式寫作比較常用will。

will的句型：主詞＋will＋動詞原型 (任何主詞都用will。will後面接動詞原型)

1. 肯定句：主詞＋will＋動詞原型

It will cose $10,000.

2. 否定句：主詞＋will＋not＋動詞原型

It will not be long. I won’t have time for that.

3. Yes/No 問句：Will＋主詞＋動詞原型?

Will you love me tomorrow?

4. WH問句：WH疑問詞＋will＋主詞＋動詞原型?

What will the weather be like?

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.18

L. 表達未來

be going to 與 will 的比較

A: It’s my birthday soon. I’ll be twenty next Friday.

B: Oh, really? Are you going to have a party?

A: I’m going to have dinner in a restaurant with some friends.

B: That’ll be nice.

will有中立的意義，用來談論未來的事實。I’ll be twenty next Friday.

be going to用來表達意圖，計劃好的事。I’m going to cook tonight.

will不用來表示未來的意圖。

It’s her birthday. She’s going to have dinner with her friends.

She’ll have dinner with her friends.

然而我們經常用be going to來表達意圖，用will來說詳細的內容，或評論。

We’re going to have dinner. There’ll be about five of us. – Oh, that’ll be nice.

will用在當下的決定或同意做某件事

There’s a postbox over there. I’ll post these letters.

You haven’t put those shelves up, Steve. – OK, I’ll do it tomorrow.

be going to用在事先做好的決定

I’m going out. I’m going to post these letters.

You still haven’t put those shelves up, Steve. – I know. I’m going to do it tomorrow.

will可用來預測未來

I think United will win the game. One day people will travel to Mars.

be going to用來預測未來常會用在當已經有看到現在有些狀況會導致未來發生的事情。

There isn’t a cloud in the sky. It’s going to be a lovely day.

This bag isn’t very strong. It’s going to break.

有時候兩者可以通用，下面兩者表達相同意思

I think United are going to win the game.

I think United will win the game.

be going to 比較口語，非正式。

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.19

L. 表達未來

c. 現在進行式 Present Progressive

現在進行式可以用來表示未來的安排。

I’m meeting Henry at six o’clock. David is coming round later on.

We’re having a party tomorrow. Sarah is going to Paris next week.

現在進行式可以用來表示現在發生的事，所以表示未來的時候一定要有前後文或未來的時間

We’re having a party at the moment.

We’re having a party tomorrow.

通常現在進行式用來表示未來跟be going to的意思相似。

I’m meeting Jack at seven o’clock.

I’m going to meet Jack at seven o’clock.

d. 現在簡單式 Present Simple

現在簡單式可以用在未來的時間表timetable，通常用在說公共的時間表如火車時刻表，電影播放時間，電視節目的時間，旅遊的行程等等。只有少數的動詞可以用現在簡單是表達未來。如: arrive, leave, start, begin, end, finish, open, close, be等。

The train leaves at seven thirty tomorrow morning.

The match starts at half past six.

Next Friday is the thirteenth.

I have the tour details. We spend three days in Rome.

時間連接詞跟if帶領的副詞子句中用現在簡單式來表達未來

連接詞如after, as, as soon as, before, by the time, until, when, while跟if帶領的副詞子句表達未來時會用現在簡單式而不用will或be going to

I’m starting a job in sales after I finish college.

As soon as you hear any news, will you let me know?

I must get to the bank before it closes.

If you come in late tonight, please don’t make a noise.

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.20

L. 表達未來

e. be to + V1

be to 可以用來表示未來正式安排好的活動，常用在新聞報導中。

The Queen is to visit Spain in November.

The Student Games are to take place in Melbourne next year.

這裡也可以跟現在進行式通用：The Queen is visiting Spain in November.

f. be about to + V1

be about to用在非常接近現在的未來，可能是接下來的數分鐘或數秒鐘內

The plane is at the end of the runway. It’s about to take off.

Do you want to say goodbye to our visitors? They’re about to leave.

M. Exercise: Use be going to, will, Present Simple, or Present Continuous

A: Have you cleaned your room?

B: Oh, no, I forgot. I ______________ (clean) it now.

Oh, no! It’s starting to rain! I think I _______________(take) a taxi.

3. Look out! The ladder _________________ . (fall)

4. We ___________________ (have) a baby.

5. Don’t touch the knife. You _________________ (cut) yourself.

6. Don’t smoke. You ___________________ (be) sick.

7. It’s raining. Don’t go out now. You __________________ (get) wet.

8. I ____________________ (make) some spaghetti tonight.

9.What time is your flight? It ___________(leave) at 12.00 p.m.

10.

A: Do you have a ticket for the concert?

B: Yes, I _________________ (see) it on Friday.

11.

A: The alarm’s going. It’s making an awful noise.

B: OK, I _________________ (switch) it off.

12.

Did you buy this book?
No, Emma did. She _________________ (read) it on holiday.

13.

Would you like tea or coffee?
Oh, I _________________ (have) coffee, please.

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.21

Answer Key

A. 過去簡單式Simple Past

/t/	cooked, relaxed, shopped, talked, watched
/d/	cleaned, listened, studied, played, cried
/ɪd/	wanted, invited, needed, visited, waited

E. 翻譯練習

1. I got up at 8 yesterday.

2. He didn’t drink coffee yesterday morning.

3. Did she watch a movie last weekend?

4. What did you do last night?

5. Who took my cell phone?

6. It was hot and humid.

7. I wasn’t at home last night.

8. Were you late for class today?

9. How was your weekend?

10. How many students were there in class last week?

F.Travel Experiences (P.112 Four Corners)

am, went, was, was, is, have
went, was, was
came, went, heard, ran, were

G. 過去簡單式的一般動詞與be動詞

1. Did 2. Were 3. Were 4. Did 5. Did 6. Were 7. Did 8. Were

9. Were 10. Did 11. Did 12. Did 13. Did 14. Were

H. 翻譯練習

1. He was doing homework while he was listening to music last night.

2. Stanley was taking a shower when the doorbell rang.

3 .Your friend called when you were sleeping.

4. When the accident happened, he was speeding.

5. I turned on the computer as soon as I came home today.

基礎文法L2 過去式與未來式 Jessie Lin P.22

Answer Key

J. 過去簡單式與過去進行式的練習

made, was, making, arrived, helped
designed, started, was working, died
escaped, were taking, caught, locked
were losing, won
sang, played, recorded, was preparing, shot
were coming, were hurrying, was standing, grabbed

K. used to 過去的習慣，跟 be used to 現在習慣於…的用法與不同

1. driving 2. live 3. drink 4. eating 5. having 6. have 7. go 8. be

9. being

M. Exercise: Use be going to, will, Present Simple, or Present Continuous

will clean
will take
is going to fall
are going to have
will cut
are going to be sick
are going to get
am making/am going to make
leaves
am going to see
will switch
is going to red
will have

過去時態：過去簡單式，過去進行式，過去完成式用法與區別

Posted on 26 三月 2013 by jessie

2016/04/16

下面有新寫的過去完成式跟現在完成式與過去簡單式的文，更多的例子跟練習:)

Past Perfect 過去完成式詳解，與過去簡單式用法的區別

現在完成式與過去簡單式用法的區別 Present Perfect and Past Simple

2016/11/17 YouTube 影片版

用法與區別

練習題解答

潔西家進階文法教室 Jessie

過去時態：過去簡單式，過去進行式，過去完成式用法與區別

American English File 3, Oxford Practice Grammar, Grammar Express

這裡因為做比較跟區別，所以最前面放例句，然後是句型，接下來是使用的時機。再來是混合的練習題。題目做多了真的會比較有概念。

另外潔西自己在動詞的不同形態方面比較偷懶

V1：原形動詞 base form 也就是動詞的第一態，現在簡單式，不定詞後面

I go to bed at 2 a.m. / My brother takes the MRT to work.

V2：過去動詞 paste tense 也就是動詞的第二態，過去簡單式

I went to bed at 2 a.m. / My brother took the MRT to work today..

V3：過去分詞 past participle 也就是動詞的第三態，現在完成，過去完成，未

來完成，被動：

I have eaten breakfast. / I hit him. — He was hit by me.

V-ing：現在分詞 present participle 也就現在分詞，進行式

work, worked, worked, working

eat, ate, eaten, eating

A 過去簡單式Past Simple:

主要就是在描述過去發生的某件事情。記得用主詞跟動詞的過去式。說過去的事情最常用的就是過去簡單式。

It all happened very quickly. The car came straight out of the side road, and the van went into the back of it. The van driver didn’t have a chance. It was the car driver’s fault.

一切發生的非常快。那台汽車直接從旁邊衝出來，而那台貨車撞到汽車的後面。貨車司機完全沒有機會(閃避)。是汽車司機的錯。

這上面有幾個過去式的動詞呢？數數看。詞性要記住才分辨得出來喔。

It was all my fault. / My bad.

一共有五個，算對了嗎？

記句型的時候要把肯定句，否定句跟疑問句的用法都一起記喔

get married, get engaged, get divorced.

1 句型 Forms：主詞＋動詞的過去式(S + V2)：

肯定：They got married last year. My dog ate my homework.

否定：I didn’t have time to do homework.

疑問：What time did you get up this morning?

past——————x———————now——————–future 2

2 使用時機Use：

在什麼時候用非常重要，通常用在一個在過去完成的動作，常跟過去時間連用

a 過去簡單式用在表達過去發生的事件或動作，已經結束。強調動作的完成

I ate a hamburger for lunch.

I ate a bread and coffee for breakfast. (x)

I ate bread and drank coffee for breakfast.

I had bread and coffee for breakfast.

b 描述過去發生的事情，當一個持續進行的動作被另一個短暫的動作打斷，持

續進行的動作用過去進行式，短暫打斷動作的用過去簡單式。

They were driving too fast when they crashed.

While I was taking a shower, someone called.

c 過去簡單式常用來講一個故事中的動作。

We arrived at the beach.

B 過去進行式Past Continuous：

用來說明過去某個時間正在進行的動作，持續的動作。句型用主詞加上was/were再加上動詞加ing。S + was/were + V-ing

I had a wonderful dream last night. I was sitting in a park. The sun was shining, and the birds were singing. Children were playing and laughing. It was very peaceful. I didn’t want to wake up.

我做天晚上做了個美夢。我在公園坐著。太陽閃耀地照著，鳥兒在唱歌。小孩們說說笑笑。非常的寧靜。我一點都不想醒來。

1 句型Forms：主詞＋Be動詞的過去式(was/were)＋動詞-ing (S + Be2 + V-ing)

A: What were you doing at six o’clock last night?

B: I was watching TV. I wasn’t studying. My parents were watching

TV with me.

2 使用時機Use:

a 過去進行式用在表達過去某個時間持續進行的動作。強調動作的過程。

I was eating lunch at 12.30.

I was eating lunch while he was reading.

multi-tasking

b 描述過去發生的事情，當一個持續進行的動作被另一個短暫的動作打斷，持

續進行的動作用過去進行式，短暫打斷動作的用過去簡單式。

I was crossing the street when the driver honked his horn.

c 過去進行式常用來講一個故事中的背景

The sun was shining.

所以說故事的時候，故事的背景會用過去進行式，描述內容的時候會用過去

簡單式。

C 過去完成式Past Perfect：

hangover 醉後大丈夫

1 句型Forms：主詞＋had＋過去分詞 (S + had + V3)

When they turned on the TV, the game had finished.

(比賽在打開電視前就開始了)

They hadn’t gone home until late.

Where had he put his wallet? Where did I put my wallet?

2 使用時機Use:

a 過去完成式用來表達跟過去另外一個事件間的關係。用來表達某件事情發生在

過去某個時間點前。

By 1933 Oprah Winfrey had become famous.

By November 9th Donald Trump had won the election.

b 描述過去的兩件事情，先發生的用過去完成式，後發生的用過去簡單式。

By the time I got there, the flight had left.

c 當兩件事情間的關係很清楚的時候，比方說用before, after, as soon as連接

句子時，可以兩件事情都用過去簡單式。

The man had arrived at the store before it opened.

The man arrived at the store before it opened.

特別注意句子的時態往往會影響到句子的意思。留意下面幾個句子的不同

1 When John arrived, they had diner.

1 2

當約翰抵達後，他們吃晚餐。

(First John arrived. Then they had dinner.)

約翰先抵達，然後他們再吃晚餐。

2 When John arrived, they were having dinner.

當約翰抵達時，他們正在吃晚餐。

(When John arrived, they were in the middle of dinner.)

3 When John arrived, they had had/had eaten dinner.

2 1

當約翰抵達時，他們已經吃完晚餐。

(They had dinner before John arrived.)

在約翰抵達前，他們已經吃完晚餐。

4 When I switched the TV on, the program started. I was just in time.

1 2

當我打開電視，節目開始演出。我剛好來得及。(我先開電視，節目才開始)

5 When I switched the TV on, the program had started. I missed the

beginning. 2 1

當我打開電視，節目已經開始。我錯過開頭。(節目先開始，我才開電視)

When I turned on the TV, the singer was singing.

D 翻譯練習：用過去簡單式，過去進行式，過去完成式來翻譯下面的句子。

(翻譯其實會有很多不同的答案，但是主要時態跟句型要對)

這邊先放問題，可以練習的，下面接著是在影片中講解的，最後是可以直接對答案的

1 我在收銀機櫃台(checkout)等待時，我注意到一個長的很奇怪

2 我很高興昨天再次見到Rachel。我很久沒見到她了。

3 當你昨天打電話來的時候我正在睡覺。

4 當演唱會結束後，公園看起來糟透了。大家到處亂丟垃圾(leave litter)。

5 這帳單不對。他們犯了個錯誤。

6 比賽結束。United贏了。

7 當我在等公車的時候，你開車從我前過經過(drive past me)。

8 那個人看起來很面熟。我在哪裡看過他。

9 當Laura坐在公園的時候，突然開始下雨。

10 我突然發現我忘了帶護照。

E Combine the two sentences. Use the verb in bold in the past continuous

or past perfect.

把粗體字的動詞改為過去進行式或過去完成式，把兩個句子結合成一個句子。

Sarah took a nap from 3:00 to 5:00. Peter picked up the tickets at 4:00.

Peter picked up the tickets when Sarah was taking a nap.

1 They watched TV from 7:00 to 9:00. I arrived at 7:30.

When I arrived, they ____________ TV.

2 He left the office at 7:00. She called him at 8:00.

When she called him, he ____________ the office.

3 I studied for the test the night before. The test didn’t go well.

The test didn’t go well although I ____________ the night before.

mid term, final exam,

4 He drove to work this morning. In the middle of his trip, he had an

accident.

When he _____________ to work this morning, he had an accident.

5 He only had five lessons. He passed his driving test.

When he passed his driving test, he ____________ (only) five lessons.

F Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the

parentheses. Use the simple past (e.g., I went), past continuous (e.g., I

was going), or past perfect (e.g., I had gone). 把括號裡面的動詞用正確的

時態完成句子。

1 I _________ (wait) to play tennis yesterday when my partner ________ (call) me to say that he couldn’t come because his car ___________ (break down).

2 Chicago _________ (beat) Boston yesterday. Boston _________ (win) 44-39 in the first half but Chicago _________ (score) 46 points in the second half to Boston’s 39.

3 We were late. When we ___________ (arrive) everyone ______________ (finish) their lunch and they _______________ (sit) in the living room having coffee.

5 It __________ (start) raining when he _____________ (walk) to work. He _________ (stop) a taxi because he ____________ (not wear) a coat and he ______________ (not have) an umbrella.

6 They _____________ (drive) to the airport when they suddenly ___________ (remember) that they _____________ (not turn off) the lights.

7 I _____________ (not recognize) many people at my old school reunion because everyone ________________ (change) a lot in 20 years.

8 The game _______________ (already/start) when we __________ (turn on) the TV. Costa Rica ____________ (lose) 1:0 and they ___________ (play) very badly.

影片的解說答案

1 我在收銀機櫃台(checkout)等待時，我注意到一個長的很奇怪

(strange-looking)的男人。

I was waiting at the checkout when I noticed a strange-looking man.

While I was waiting at the checkout, I noticed a strange-looking man.

2 我很高興昨天再次見到Rachel。我很久沒見到她了。

I was really pleased to see Rachel again. I had seen her for a long time.

3 當你昨天打電話來的時候我正在睡覺。

I was sleeping when you called last night.

4 當演唱會結束後，公園看起來糟透了。大家到處亂丟垃圾(leave litter)。

After the concert finished, the park looked awful. People had left litter

everywhere.